陪葬文物所有权归属问题研究——兼论《文物保护法》第5条的理论基础与适用范围  

Study on the Ownership of Cultural Relics of the Funerary Objects?

作　　者：章正璋[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院暨东吴公法与比较法研究所,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2016年第5期127-136,共10页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(13YJA820071);国家社科基金项目(15BFX163)

摘　　要：陪葬文物并非抛弃物,亦非自然无主物,绝户之墓葬连同陪葬文物属于无主物。所有人不明之陪葬文物具备埋藏物之外表不可见以及所有人不明之要件特征,因此属于埋藏物。《文物保护法》第5条关于我国境内地下、内水和领海中遗存的一切文物,属于国家所有之规定,其适用对象应该限于我国境内出土之无主文物以及所有人不明的文物。有主墓葬中的陪葬文物,应该为墓主后人所有,但是古墓葬除外。将《文物保护法》第5条解释为国有化或者征收我国境内普通墓葬出土的有主文物不合时宜。即使按照国有化或者征收予以解释,依照现行《宪法》也应该对被征收陪葬文物的所有权人予以补偿。Cultural relics of the funerary objects are neither abandoned objects nor natural ownerless objects,they belong to the lineal descendants of the dead. If the descendants are unknown or there are no descendants,the objects shall belong to the State,but ancient tombs together with its funerary objects are owned by the State. Article 5 of the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics,which stipulate that all cultural relics remaining underground or in the inland waters or territorial seas within the boundaries of China are owned by the state,should not be interpreted as the measure of nationalization or expropriation. The article can only apply to the cultural relics of the funerary objects which are either ownerless or their owner can no longer be established. Even if the afore mentioned article 5 will be interpreted as the measure of nationalization or expropriation,according to the current Constitution of China,the equitable compensation is necessary.

关 键 词：陪葬物 抛弃物 埋藏物 国家所有 私人所有 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]