盆底肌肉锻炼对分娩后产妇尿失禁发生风险及肛门功能的影响  

Effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises on the risk of urinary incontinence and anal function in puerperae after delivery

作　　者：张芙萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]延安大学附属医院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《结直肠肛门外科》2016年第2期171-173,共3页Journal of Colorectal & Anal Surgery

摘　　要：目的研究盆底肌肉锻炼对分娩后产妇尿失禁发生风险及肛门功能的影响。方法选取我院2012年3月至2015年5月82例分娩后产妇为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,两组均采取产后常规健康教育,观察组另于产后实施盆底肌肉锻炼,持续3月后比较两组妊娠晚期、产后1月内、产后1-3月三个时间段内尿失禁发生率,同时于干预前后测量两组的肛门直肠压力及盆底肌电值。结果两组妊娠晚期、产后1月内尿失禁发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,产后1-3月观察组尿失禁发生率为2.44%与对照组12.20%比较显著较低（P〈0.05）;观察组干预后肛管静息压、肛管收缩压、直肠排便压以及盆底肌电值分别为（55.30±10.20）mm Hg、（126.74±16.36）mm Hg、（65.31±16.16）mm Hg、（65.55±20.03）μV与干预前及对照组干预后比较显著增高（P〈0.05）,直肠静息压为（4.53±0.85）mm Hg较干预前及对照组干预后显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论产后实施盆底肌肉锻炼可显著降低分娩后产妇尿失禁发生率,并改善肛门、盆底功能,对产妇的产后康复有积极影响。Objective To study the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise on the risk of urinary incontinence and anal function in puerperae after delivery.Methods 82 cases of puerperae after delivery who were admitted in our hospital between March 2012 and May 2015 were selected as study subjects and were randomized into observation group and control group. Both of the two groups were given routine postpartumhealth education. The observation group additionally received postpartum pelvic floor muscle exercises. 3 months later, the incidence rates of urinary incontinence were compared between the two groups during the period of late pregnancy, in postpartum 1 month and 1-3 months. Meanwhile, the anorectal pressure and pelvic floor electromyogram in the two groupswere measured before and after the intervention.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of urinary incontinence between the two groups during the period of late pregnancy and in postpartum 1 month（P〈0.05）. The incidence of urinary incontinence in the observation group in postpartum 1-3 months（2.44%） was significantly lower than that in the control group（12.20%）（P〈0.05）; In the observation group after the intervention, the anal canal rest pressure, anal canal systolic pressure, rectal defecation pressure and pelvic floor electromyogram[（55.30±10.20） mm Hg,（126.74±16.36） mm Hg,（65.31 ±16.16） mm Hg,（65.55±20.03） μV]were significantly higher than those before the intervention and those in the control group after the intervention（P〈0.05） while the rectal resting pressure [（4.53±0.85） mm Hg] was significantly lower than that before the intervention and that in the control group after the intervention（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Postpartum pelvic floor muscle exercises can significantly reduce the incidence of urinary incontinence, and improve the function of anus and pelvic floor.

关 键 词：盆底肌肉训练 产妇 尿失禁 肛门功能 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]