电焊作业场所职业病危害风险综合评估  

Comprehensive risk assessment of occupational hazards in welding workplace

作　　者：刘彩玲[1] 路建超[2] 武永平[3] 

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院体育系,陕西宝鸡721016 [2]宝鸡市疾病预防控制中心劳动放射卫生科,陕西宝鸡721016 [3]宝鸡市疾病预防控制中心检验科,陕西宝鸡721016

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第17期2319-2322,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：宝鸡市卫生局重点课题(2013-46)

摘　　要：目的对电焊作业场所职业病危害因素风险进行综合评估,为实现职业危害分类与分级管理奠定基础。方法在现场职业卫生调查、个体采样监测的基础上,选择张忠彬作业场所职业危害风险综合评价方法进行评估。结果经计算得出,宝鸡市渭滨区电焊作业场所职业危害风险指数为1.43,总体风险级别为Ⅰ,属于低度风险。但因职业危害因素浓度或者强度超标率较高（22.7%~35%）,作业场所工程技术防护措施少（有局部抽风设施的电焊场所仅占31.09%）,且作业人员无有效的个体防护用品（均未佩戴具有防尘和防毒功能的专门针对电焊烟尘的防护口罩）,故采取风险升高1级的原则,宝鸡市渭滨区电焊作业场所职业危害风险级别为Ⅱ级,属于中度风险。结论宝鸡市渭滨区电焊作业场所职业危害风险级别属于中度风险,应采取相应的消除或减轻这些风险的职业病防护措施。[Objective] o carry out the comprehensive evaluation on occupational hazard risk in welding workplace,lay the foundation for the realization of the classification and grading management of occupational hazards. [Methods]On the basis of occupational health survey and individual sampling monitoring,the Zhang Zhongbin＇s method for the comprehensive evaluation of occupational hazards in workplace was adopted.[Results]The calculation results showed that the occupational hazard risk index in welding workplace was 1.43 in Weibin District of Baoji City,and the overall risk level was level I,which belonged to the low degree of risk. However,the exceeding standard rates of concentrations/intensities of occupational hazard factors were higher（22.7%-35%）,engineering protective measures in workplace were deficient（welding places which had local ventilation facilities only accounted for 31.09%）,and workers had no effective individual protective equipments（the workers all did not wear the welding fume protective mask with dust and gas protection function）. According to the principle that the risk would elevate by a level,the occupational hazard risk level of welding workplace was level Ⅱin Weibin District of Baoji City,which belonged to the moderate risk. [Conclusion]It is a moderate risk of occupational hazards in welding workplace in Weibin District of Baoji City,and the appropriate measures should be carried out to eliminate or reduce the risk of occupational hazards.

关 键 词：电焊工 职业卫生 风险评估 锰 电焊工尘肺 噪声 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]