北京市怀柔区农村高氟地区饮用水中化学污染的健康风险评价  

Health risk assessment of chemical contamination in drinking water in rural high fluoride area of Huairou District in Beijing

作　　者：坑斌[1] 赵艳华[1] 周纪臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市怀柔区疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,北京101400

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第17期2410-2413,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的初步评价北京市怀柔高氟地区饮用水源水中化学致癌污染物和非化学致癌污染物对人体健康的影响,筛选出重点污染物。方法选取北京市怀柔区2015年高氟地区饮用水源水,于枯、丰水期各采集1次水样,应用环境健康风险评价模型对通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险进行评价。结果化学致癌污染物通过饮水途径的健康总风险介于1.35×10^(-5)/a^2.45×10^(-5)/a之间,均值为1.93×10^(-5)/a。铬、镉、砷通过饮水途径所致健康危害的个人年风险分别为1.13×10^(-5)/a、4.62×10^(-6)/a和3.38×10^(-6)/a,均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值(5.0×10^(-5)/a);非化学致癌污染物通过饮水途径所致个人健康年风险依次为氟化物>铜>硝酸盐>汞>铁>锌>锰>氨氮>氰化物>挥发酚,其中氟化物占非化学致癌污染物引起的健康总风险的57.8%;各类毒物个人健康年总风险均以化学致癌污染物为主,超过个人健康年总风险的99.8%。结论北京市怀柔区高氟地区饮用水水质健康风险以铬、镉、砷、氟化物污染物为主,应适时优先开展检测。[Objective]To preliminarily assess the influence of carcinogenic chemical contaminants and non-chemical carcinogenic pollutants in drinking water in rural high fluoride area of Huairou District in Beijing on human health,analyze the major pollutants.[Methods]The samples of drinking water sources were collected in rural high fluoride area of Huairou District in Beijing in 2015,and the sampling was performed in dry and wet periods respectively. The environmental health risk assessment model was used to assess the health risks caused by drinking water. [Results]The health risks of carcinogenic chemical contaminants through the drinking water were between 1.35×10^-5/a-2.45×10^-5/a,with an average of 1.93×10^-5/a. The personal annual risk caused by cadmium,chromium and arsenic in drinking water was respectively 1.13 ×10^-5/a,4.62×10^-6/a and 3.38×10^-6/a,which all were lower than the maximum acceptable value（5.0×10^-5/a）recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection（ICRP）. The personal annual risks caused by non-chemical carcinogenic pollutants in drinking water were fluoride〉copper nitrate〉mercury〉iron〉zinc〉manganese 〉ammonia〉cyanide 〉volatile phenol,and the health risk caused by fluoride accounted for 57.8% of the total risk caused by non-chemical carcinogenic pollutants. In various poisons,the personal health risks were mainly caused by the chemical carcinogenic contaminants,which was more than 99.8% of total personal health risk. [Conclusion]The health risks of drinking water in high fluoride area of Huairou District in Beijing are mainly caused by chromium,cadmium,arsenic and fluoride. It is necessary to preferentially carry out the detection.

关 键 词：健康风险评价 非化学致癌污染物 化学致癌污染物 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]