铅酸蓄电池生产工序职业病危害调查及防治对策  

Investigation on occupational hazards and control measures of lead acid battery production process

作　　者：曲鹏飞[1,2] 于朋玲 贾卫斌[2] 李斐[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东春旭化工设计有限公司评价室,山东济南250014 [2]山东省化工研究院质检站,山东济南250014

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第17期2435-2437,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解铅酸蓄电池行业的职业病危害现况,发现其生产工序的关键控制点,探讨该行业职业病危害的防治建议和对策。方法采用职业卫生学调查、工作场所职业病危害因素现场检测,对山东省10家铅酸蓄电池企业检测结果进行分析。结果铅粉制造工序铅尘超标率为27.3%,板栅制造工序铅烟超标率为40.9%,极板制造工序铅尘超标率为57.1%,组装电池工序铅烟、铅尘超标率分别为50%和58.3%,电池化成及包装工序硫酸超标率为零;其中铅烟最高超标17.8倍,铅尘最高超标46倍;板栅铸造工序和组装电池工序工作场所空气中铅烟浓度差异有统计学意义(t=2.91,P<0.01),铅粉制造工序、极板制造工序和组装电池工序中铅尘浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论铅酸蓄电池行业普遍存在铅烟、铅尘超标的现象。应提高生产工艺自动化、机械化程度,增加铅烟、铅尘岗位局部排风,配备适宜的个体防护用品,提高员工防护意识和加强企业职业卫生管理。[Objective]To investigate the occupational hazard status of the lead-acid battery industry,find out the critical control points of production process,and explore the suggestions and countermeasures on prevention and treatment of occupational hazards in this industry.[Methods]The occupational hygiene survey and detection of occupational hazard factors in workplace were used to analyze the detection results of 10 lead acid battery enterprises in Shandong Province.[Results]The exceeding standard rate of lead dust in lead powder manufacturing process was 27.3%,the exceeding standard rate of lead fume in grid manufacturing process was40.9%,and the exceeding standard rate of lead dust in plate manufacturing process was 57.1%. The exceeding standard rate of lead fume and lead dust in battery assembly process was 50% and 58.3%,respectively. The sulfuric acid concentrations in battery formation and packaging process met the standard. The highest level of lead fume and lead dust was 17.8 times and 46 times more than the standard respectively. There was statistically significant difference in lead fume concentration in workplace air between grid casting process and battery assembly process（t =-2.91,P〈0.01）. The difference in lead dust concentration was not statistically significant among lead powder manufacturing process,plate manufacturing process and battery assembly process（P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]The exceeding standard phenomenon of lead？fume and lead dust is widespread in lead acid battery factory. It is necessary to improve the automation and mechanization of production process,strengthen the local ventilation facility for positions exposed to lead？fume and lead dust,equip with appropriate personal protective equipment,improve employees＇ awareness of protection and strengthen the management of occupational health in enterprises.

关 键 词：铅酸蓄电池 职业病危害 调查 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]