增施炭肥对白菜制种田接茬烟草土传病害的防治效果及作用机制分析  

Control Effect of Biochar-based Fertilizer on Chinese Cabbage Follow-up Tobacco Soil-borne Diseases and Its Mechanism

作　　者：千慧敏 许仪[2] 裴剑锋[1] 薛立新[2] 刘欢欢[1] 李铭[1] 周扬[1] 蒋士君[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省烟草公司济源市公司,河南济源454650

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2016年第10期76-79,共4页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技项目(HYKJ201312)

摘　　要：前期调查发现,济源白菜制种接茬烟田的土壤健康状况较差,接茬种植的烟株发育差且根茎病害较重。为了探索对接茬烟草土壤健康的修复技术,通过田间小区试验分析了施用生态炭肥对白菜制种田接茬烟草土传病害的防治效果及其作用机制。结果表明,施用生态炭肥能极显著降低烟草根结线虫病、黑胫病和根黑腐病的发病率和病情指数（P〈0.01）。其中,液体生态炭肥（M-20,300 kg/hm^2）对3种病害的防效达到74.23%-78.26%;固态生态炭肥（EC-40,300 kg/hm^2）与液态生态炭肥（M-20,300 kg/hm^2）混用对3种病害的防效达到77.32%-86.36%。2个生态炭肥处理均能提高烟株的株高、有效叶数、最大叶叶面积,且固液混用的促进效果优于液体生态炭肥。土样微生态学分析表明,生态炭肥处理能有效提高团棵期和成熟期土壤有机质含量,细菌数量,土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶及纤维素酶活性。总之,对白菜制种田接茬烟草增施生态炭肥,能够快速修复土壤健康、改善植物发育、有效防控土传病害,是一项具有较大应用潜力的实用技术。The previous investigations found that the Chinese cabbage follow-up tobacco soil was poor,resulting in worse botany characters and more serious root diseases. In order to explore method for follow-up tobacco soil health remediation,the field trial was carried out to assess the control effect of biochar-based fertilizers on soil-borne diseases of follow-up tobacco and to analyze its mechanism. The result showed that application of biochar could significantly decrease the incidence and disease indexes of tobacco root-knot nematode,black shank and black root rot（ P〈 0. 01）. The relative control effect on the three diseases of the liquid biochar（ M-20,300 kg / ha） was 74. 23% —78. 26%,and that of the mixture of solid biochar（ EC-40,300 kg /ha） with liquid biochar（ M-20,300 kg /ha） was 77. 32% —86. 36%. Both of the two biochar-based fertilizer treatments could improve the plant height,number of productive leaves,and the biggest leaf area. Meanwhile,the mixture was better than the liquid biochar. Microecological analysis of the soil samples indicated that the biochar could effectively increase bacterial number,organic matter content,activities of soil invertase,amylase and cellulase. In general,application of biochar on Chinese cabbage follow-up tobacco could quickly remediate soil health,improve plant development and effectively controltobacco soil-borne diseases,which is a practical method with great potential.

关 键 词：生态炭肥 白菜制种田 烟草 土传病害 防治效果 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]