从“纳米原子”到“巨型分子”的软物质研究  

Soft matters from “nano-atoms” to “giant molecules”

作　　者：张文彬[1] 陈尔强[1] 王晶[2] 张维 王林格[2] 程正迪[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学化学与分子工程学院,软物质科学与工程中心,高分子化学与物理教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]华南理工大学,华南软物质科学与技术高等研究院,广州510640 [3]College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering,University of Akron,Akron Ohio 44325-3909,USA

出　　处：《物理学报》2016年第18期1-13,共13页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:21674003,21474003,91427304);国家高技术研究发展计划(批准号:2015AA020941);NSF of USA(批准号:DMR-1409972,DMR-0906898)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：本文通过分析软物质科学发展的趋势,回顾了"纳米原子"与"巨型分子"这类新型软物质材料的发展历程,总结了"纳米原子"的结构特点以及"巨型分子"自组装的若干特色,提出将"纳米原子"作为"巨型分子"的基本"结构子"和"功能子",以实现模块化的精确结构高分子理性设计与精准合成,并进一步实现其可控组装,调节其多级结构(特别是1—100 nm尺度的结构),最终实现其多样的功能化.这种具有高度刚性构型和固定形状尺寸的大分子有别于传统大分子的柔性链式结构,在组装中也呈现出了与传统大分子截然不同的有趣相态和相结构,是大分子科学的一类新元素,值得进行深入研究.In this brief review,we look back on the conception of ＂nano-atoms＂ and into a new class of ＂giant molecules＂ in the context of soft matter science.The structural features and the characteristics about giant molecular self-assembly are summarized.It is found that these ＂giant molecules＂ with high conformational rigidities and precisely-defined shapes and symmetries can exhibit unusual phase structures and phase transition behaviors which are not commonly observed in conventional polymers.Their self-assembly is robust due to collective and cooperative interactions among＂nano-atoms＂,forming hierarchical structures that are sensitive to their primary structures.This modular feature is reminiscent of the domain concept in protein science.It is thus proposed that ＂nano-atoms＂ can serve as unique elements for macromolecular science.

关 键 词：纳米原子 巨型分子 分子纳米粒子 大分子 

分 类 号：O56[理学—原子与分子物理]