红壤剖面重金属分布特征及对有机碳响应  被引量:4

Vertical Distribution of Heavy Metals and Its Response to Organic Carbon in Red Soil Profile

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作  者:贾广梅 马玲玲[2] 徐殿斗[2] 成杭新[3] 周国华[3] 杨国胜[2] 罗敏[2] 路雨楠 刘志明[1] 

机构地区:[1]北京化工大学化学工程学院,化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院高能物理研究所,核技术应用研究中心,北京100049 [3]中国地质科学院地球物理与地球化学勘查研究所,廊坊065000

出  处:《环境科学》2016年第9期3547-3553,共7页Environmental Science

基  金:国土资源部地质专项(12120113002400);国家自然科学基金项目(11375212,11435002,21407149)

摘  要:以湖南株洲红壤耕地剖面土(0~100 cm)为样本,对剖面全土及胶体中重金属的纵向分布特征,重金属的来源和相关性进行了分析,并探究剖面土壤中重金属分布对有机碳组成的响应.剖面土中重金属含量依次为Zn〉Cr〉Cu〉Pb〉Ni〉As〉Cd,其中Cd在各个剖面中都属重度污染,Zn在部分剖面中是轻度污染,其它金属都在尚清洁区域.主成分分析表明,剖面金属分布分为两大主成分,第一主成分金属为Zn、Cu、Pb、As、Cd;第二主成分金属为Cr和Ni,主成分元素之间具有较强的正相关关系.在0~30 cm耕作区,第一主成分金属随剖面向下,含量逐渐减小;第二主成分金属随剖面向下,含量增大.对不同尺度颗粒组研究发现,As、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni以胶体形式在土壤中进行纵向迁移;而Pb主要以向〈53μm的黏粒组分富集为主,其胶体携带作用不显著.红外光谱分析表明,土壤中有机碳以多糖类(22.07%~47.13%)、芳香类(13.88%~34.37%)和醇类(21.04%~59.49%)为主.其中,稳定性有机碳,即多糖类和芳香类碳有利于第一主成分金属在土壤中的吸附固定,使其不易向深层迁移;而活性醇碳则能促进第一主成分金属的迁移.The vertical distribution patterns,the source and correlation of heavy metals were characterized in the bulk soil and different soil aggregates of arable red soil profile( 0-100 cm) in Hunan province. Their response to organic carbons in proflie was explored as well. Principal component analysis( PCA) suggested that elements could be divided into two principal components,the metals of the first group were Zn,Cu,Pb,As,Cd,and the second group metals were Cr,Ni. Priniciple component elements had similar sources. In0-30 cm,The first group metals decreased with increasing depth,the second group metals increased with increasing depth. The concentrations of typical heavy metals were in the order of Zn〉Cr〉Cu〉Pb〉Ni〉As〉Cd in each soil layer was severely polluted,Zn was at level of light pollution,while other metals were at clean levels. In terms of different size of soil aggregate,it was found that colloids played an important role in facilitating transport of heavy metals,such as As,Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Ni. While Pb was still mainly enriched in clay component( 53 μm). Infrared spectrum analysis showed that the main functional groups of organic carbon were polysaccharide( 22. 07%-47. 13%),aromatic( 13. 88%-34. 37%) and alcohol( 21. 04%-59. 49%). Correlation analysis showed that stable organic carbon such as polysaccharide and aromatic organic carbon could stablize the metals of first group in profiles,which would delay the migration of heavy metals to deeper soil. However,the active alcohol carbon would enhance the migration.

关 键 词:重金属 剖面 土壤 有机碳 胶体 相关性 

分 类 号:X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]

 

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