广西海岸互花米草分布现状及扩散研究  

Distribution and Expansion of Spartina alterniflora in Coastal Tidal Zone,Guangxi

作　　者：潘良浩[1] 史小芳[1] 陶艳成[1] 范航清[1] 莫竹承[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西科学院广西红树林研究中心,广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室,广西北海536000

出　　处：《湿地科学》2016年第4期464-470,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：广西科学院基本科研业务费项目(12YJ25HS15;13YJ22HS10和15YJ22HSL10);广西北部湾基础研究重大专项项目(2010GXNSFE013002);广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室基金项目;广西特聘专家科研经费项目;广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科转12239002-5)资助

摘　　要：采用遥感与野外调查相结合的方法,调查2013年广西海岸互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）的分布现状,并分析其在广西海岸的扩散状况,旨在为全面了解和评价外来物种互花米草在广西海岸的入侵状况和生态作用提供基础数据。研究结果表明,12013年,广西互花米草的分布面积为602.27 hm2,以港湾划分,其在丹兜海的分布面积最大,其分布面积在铁山港湾、北海银滩至营盘镇、廉州湾、英罗港、大风江依次减小;2广西从1979年开始引种互花米草,1979-2003年互花米草的年平均扩散速率约为23.1%,2003-2008年的为15.3%,2009-2013年的约为9.1%,互花米草总体扩散速率呈现下降趋势;3近期,铁山港湾、北海东海岸（银滩至营盘镇）和廉州湾的互花米草依然在快速扩散,尤其是廉州湾的互花米草处于种群扩散的爆发期,未来几年,廉州湾很可能将会被互花米草占据;4互花米草在广西海岸的扩散总体上呈现出由东往西发展的趋势,并且有扩散进入越南的可能性。The program aims to provide basic data for a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of invasion condition and ecological function of Spartina alterniflora in the coastal tidal zone, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. Distribution and expansion of Spartina alterniflora in the coastal tidal zone in 2013 had been investigated by the way of remote sensing conjunction with field survey. The main results showed that（1） the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora in the coastal tidal zone, Guangxi in 2013 was 602.27 ha, the areas in Dandou Sea, Tieshang Harbor, east coast of Beihai（from Silver Beach to Yingpan town）, Lianzhou Bay, Yingluo Bay, and Dafeng River decreased in turn;（2） the average annual spreading rate of Spartina alterniflora in Guangxi was 23.1% from 1979 to 2003, since its introduction succeeded, and those were 15.3% during2003-2008 and 9.1% during 2009-2013, respectively. The overall spreading rate of Spartina alterniflora decreased;（3） the Spartina alterniflora in Tieshang Harbor, east coast of Beihai and Lianzhou Bay was still in the rapid expansion period recently, especially in Lianzhou Bay. Lianzhou Bay would possibly be infested seriously with Spartina alterniflora in the coming years;（4） the spreading direction of Spartina alterniflora communities in the coast zone, Guangxi was from east to west, and there was the possibility of spreading into Vietnam.

关 键 词：互花米草 扩散 广西 海岸 廉州湾 

分 类 号：Q948.13[生物学—植物学] Q949.714.2