2013年8月和11月辽东湾近岸海域浮游植物群落结构  

Community Structure of Phytoplanktons in the Offshore Area of Liaodong Bay in August and November of 2013

作　　者：卞少伟[1] 韩龙[1] 张震[1] 梅鹏蔚[1] 岳昂[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市环境监测中心,天津300191

出　　处：《湿地科学》2016年第4期493-498,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项项目(201309008);科技部国家基础性工作项目(2013FY111800);国家自然科学基金项目(40830535)资助

摘　　要：在辽东湾水体中设置8个采样点,于2013年8月11日和11月26日,在8个采样点采集浮游植物样品,对浮游植物群落结构进行调查;利用多维尺度分析方法,研究两次采样和各采样点之间浮游植物的密度和群落关系。本次调查共发现浮游植物65种,其中8月记录53种,11月记录43种;浮游植物主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,还有少量的绿藻、蓝藻、裸藻和金藻,优势种为硅藻;8月,浮游植物的优势种主要为丹麦细柱藻（Leptocylindrus danicus）、尖刺拟菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia pungens）、星脐圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus asteromphalus）;8月,浮游植物的优势种主要为星脐圆筛藻、具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulcata）和中心圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus centralis）,8月与11月浮游植物的物种组成和优势种组成存在差异,说明浮游植物群落结构随季节发生变化。8月,浮游植物细胞密度为6.34×10^4-286.43×10^4cells/L,平均值为10^4.52×10^4cells/L;11月,浮游植物细胞密度为2.31×10^4-16.4×10^4cells/L,平均值为8.28×10^4cells/L。8月,各采样点浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为3.25-4.62,平均值为3.94;11月,各采样点浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.25-3.39,平均值为2.80,表明8月调查海域的生境质量好于11月。对浮游植物群落结构的多维分析结果显示,辽东湾沿岸与近岸浮游植物群落结构差异显著。Investigation of phytoplankton species and community structure in the offshore area of Liaodong Bay was carried out at 8 sampling sites on August 11 and November 26, 2013 respectively. The relationships among abundance and community between sampling days and sites were studied by using multidimensional scaling method. The composing, distribution, diversity index of surface phytoplankton were analyzed in this paper. Totally 53 and 43 taxa were identified in study area on August 11 and November 26, 2013 respectively. The phytoplankton community was mainly composed of Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta, and there were also a few species belonging to Chlorphyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Chrysophyta. Dominant species were Bacillariophyta.The dominant species on August 11 included Leptocylindrus danicus, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens and Coscinodiscus asteromphalus while the dominant species on November 26 were Coscinodiscus asteromphalus, Paralia sulcata and Coscinodiscus centralis. The differences of species composition and the dominant species between sampling days indicated that the community structure of phytoplankton varied with seasons. Cell abundance ranged from6.34×10^4cells/L to 286.43×10^4cells/L with an average of 10^4.52×10^4cells/L on August 11, the cell abundance ranged from 2.31 × 10^4cells/L to 16.4 × 10^4cells/L with an average of 8.28 × 10^4cells/L on November 26. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 3.25 to 4.62 with an average of 3.94 on August 11; the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 2.25 to 3.39 with an average of 2.80 on November 26. By many-dimensions analysis, there were many differences in community structure of phytoplankton between along shore and offshore areas of Liaodong Bay.

关 键 词：浮游植物 群落结构 辽东湾 

分 类 号：Q949.2[生物学—植物学] P745[天文地球—海洋生物学]