鄱阳湖湿地典型植物群落沿高程分布特征  

Distribution of Typical Vegetation Communities along Elevation in Poyang Lake Wetlands

作　　者：谭志强[1,2] 张奇[1] 李云良[1] 许秀丽[1,2] 姜加虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湿地科学》2016年第4期506-515,共10页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371062);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB417003);江西省重大生态安全问题监控协同创新中心项目(JXS-EW-00)资助

摘　　要：鄱阳湖湿地植物群落沿高程呈现不规则的带状分异。利用遥感解译数据和数字高程模型,采用高斯回归方法,分析鄱阳湖湿地3种典型植物群落在全湖的分布特征及其在不同湖区的分布差异。结果表明,从全湖范围来看,茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris)—狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)群落、芦苇(Phragmites australis)—南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia)群落、薹草(Carex spp.)—虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)群落分布的最适高程分别为14.3 m、13.2 m、12.5 m,依次降低;茵陈蒿—狗牙根群落的生态幅宽大于其它两种群落;与前人研究结果相比,3种群落的分布都有向低处延伸的趋向。从典型湖区的比较来看,3种群落在南矶湿地国家级自然保护区的分布高程都大于在鄱阳湖国家自然保护区的分布高程,高程差接近1 m。通过比较康山和都昌水文站的日平均水位发现,不同群落分布的高程差异及同一群落在不同湖区的分布差异与水文条件密切相关。本研究结果有助于认识大型湖泊湿地植物分布特征动态,对维护鄱阳湖湿地生态系统功能,降低区域生态灾害风险具有重要意义。A zonal distribution of vegetation communities along elevation exists in Poyang Lake wetlands.Based on interpretation of remote sensing image and Digital Elevation Model（DEM）, we analyzed the distribution patterns of three typical vegetation communities in Poyang Lake wetlands. The distribution differences of these vegetations in different sub-lake regions were compared, using Gaussian regression model. The results showed that, the optimum elevation（14.3 m） for the Artemisia capillaris-Cynodon dactylon community was higher than that（13.2 m） for the Phragmites australis-Triarrhena lutarioriparia community. Further, the Phragmites australis-Triarrhena lutarioriparia community distributed at areas higher than that（12.5 m） for the Carex spp.-Phalaris arundinacea community. Artemisia capillaris-Cynodon dactylon community was found to tolerate to larger ecological amplitudes than the other communities. Compared to the historical results, all the three communities have been tending to expand towards the main water body（lower region） of Poyang Lake in recent years. Within typical sub-lake regions, communities＇ distribution at Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve was 1 m higher than those at Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve. Correlations showed that the differences in spatial distribution of vegetation communities along elevation were mainly related to the hydrological conditions of the Lake. This study is helpful in an improved understanding of the vegetation dynamics in large lakes with significant water level variations. The findings were also useful in proposing measures to maintain the healthy function of Poyang Lake wetlands, and to reduce the risk of regional ecological disaster.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖湿地 植物群落 高程 高斯回归 空间分布 

分 类 号：Q941[生物学—植物学]