N-(3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱的制备  

Synthesis of N-( 3-hexadecyloxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-N,N-dimethyl betain

作　　者：艾立玲 马春芳[1] 赵锦宇 宋娇娇[1] 徐丽婷[1] 张荣明[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学化学化工学院,黑龙江大庆163318

出　　处：《化学研究与应用》2016年第10期1384-1389,共6页Chemical Research and Application

摘　　要：以十六醇、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和氯乙酸钠等为原料,通过三步反应合成N-(3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱(HHDB),并探索了反应温度、投料比、反应时间和催化剂等因素对产物产率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。中间体3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基-1-氯丙烷(HHCP)合成的最佳工艺条件:催化剂苄基三乙基氯化铵,体系p H为9.0,n(C_(16)H_(33)OH)∶n(C_3H_5OCl)=1∶1.1,滴加环氧氯丙烷温度65℃,滴加时间1.5h,反应温度95℃,反应时间5 h;中间体N-(3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基叔胺(HHDT)合成的最佳工艺条件:n(C_(19)H_(39)OCl)∶n(C_2H_7N)=1∶1.2,反应温度85℃,反应时间20 h;产物HHDB制备的最佳工艺条件:n(C_(21)H_(45)ON)∶n(C_3H_4O_2ClNa)=1∶1.1,反应温度80℃,反应时间4 h。在上述工艺条件下,HHDB产率达到95.2%,对产物HHDB及中间体进行红外光谱与核磁氢谱表征,测定其临界胶束浓度为9.8 mmol·L-1,水溶液表面张力为18.8 m N·m-1,发泡力为1.15,产物具有较好的表面活性。The N-（ 3-hexadecyloxy-2-hydroxy-propyl）N-dimethyl betain（HHDB） was synthesized by means of a three-step process, and hexadecanol, epichlorohydrine, dimethylamine and chloroacetic acid sodium were used as the starting materials. The charge ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst on the product yield were explored. The effect of the optimum reaction conditions were determined. The best process conditions of intermediate 3-hexadecyloxy-2-hydroxy-1-chloropropane synthesis（ HH-CP） ：catalyst benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, system of pH 9. 0,n（ C16H33 OH） ：n（C3 H5OCl） = 1 ： 1 .1 , dropwising epoxy chloro- propane temperature was 65 ,dropwising time was 1. 5h,reaction temperature was 95 ,reaction time was 5h. Synthetic optimumtechnological conditions of intermediates N-（ 3-hexadecyloxy-2-hydroxy propyl）N-dimethyl tertiary amine（HHDT） ： n （C 19H39OCl） ：n（C2H7N）=1：1.2,the reaction temperature was 85℃,reaction time was 20 h. Optimum technological conditions of productHHDB were： n（ C21 H45ON） ：n（ C3H4O2ClNa） = 1 ：1. 1, reaction temperature was 80℃ , reaction time was 4h. Under the process conditions, the yield of HHDB was 95. 2%. The product HHDB and intermediates were characterized through infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum. The critical micelle concentration was 9. 8mmol·L-1 ,the surface tension of the aqueous solu-tion was 18. 8 mN·m-1 ,foaming force was 1. 15 ,the product had good surface activity.

关 键 词：十六醇 环氧氯丙烷 氯乙酸钠 N-(3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N N二甲基甜菜碱 

分 类 号：O623.731[理学—有机化学]