美国身体活动政策:嬗变、特征及启示——基于政策文本的分析  

Changes,Characteristics and Inspirations of American Physical Activity Policy: A Text Analysis

作　　者：郭海霞[1] 潘凌云[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学体育系,陕西西安710055 [2]江南大学体育学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2016年第8期8-13,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(项目编号:13CTY020);西安建筑科技大学人才科技基金(项目编号:RC1211)

摘　　要：在各国身体活动政策发展过程中,美国身体活动政策的发展以其科学性、系统性而受到众多研究者的关注。主要采用文献资料法,从政策文本分析视角对美国自1960年以来的身体活动政策进行梳理,考察历史嬗变轨迹及特征,结果显示:美国身体活动政策是社会发展的产物,其发生、发展动因分别是由身体活动不足而导致的体质危机和健康危机。这些政策演变凸显了经验化转向科学化、体质化转向健康化、专门化转向生活化、连续活动转向累计活动、个人改变转向环境改变等特征,对我国身体活动政策的启示是走出"先污染,后治理"的窠臼,提升身体活动政策的前瞻性和预判性;创新政策决策机制,提高身体活动政策的科学性、连续性;加强对跨部门合作的有效指导,提高身体活动政策的执行绩效;正确认识体质和健康的关系,始终坚持青少年体质促进的政策导向,这对当前我国身体活动政策研究与身体活动促进实践有一定的理论与实践意义。American physical activity policy is noted for its scientificity and systematicness in the world and concerned by many researchers. By the method of literature review,this paper combed American physical activity policies since 1960 and analyzed the change track and characteristics in the perspective of text analysis. The results showed that American physical activity policy is a product of social development. Its motivation is physique crisis and health crisis caused by physical inactivity. The policy changes have some characteristics,such as from empirical to scientific,fitness-oriented to health-oriented,specialized to life-styled,continuously active to cumulate active,and individual-oriented to environment-oriented. Its inspirations to China are avoiding ＂first pollute,then control＂and improving forward looking and prediction of policy; innovating policy decision-making mechanism to improve its scientificity and continuity; enhancing effective guidance to cross-division cooperation and improving policy execution performance; having a correct cognition on the relationship between physique and health,persisting policy guidance to teenage physique promotion. This research had some theoretical and practical meaning to China physical activity policy research and physical activity promotion practice.

关 键 词：身体活动促进 身体活动政策 身体活动不足 政策嬗变 美国 

分 类 号：G817.12[文化科学—体育学]