苹果酸和草酸对两种植物吸收土壤中Cd、Zn的影响  

Effects of malic acid and oxalic acid application on the uptake of Cd and Zn by two plants

作　　者：赖彩秀 潘伟斌[1,2,3] 张太平[1,2,3] 詹淑威 吴俭[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广州510006 [2]工业聚集区污染控制与生态修复教育部重点实验室,广州510006 [3]广州市水资源与水环境行业工程技术研究中心,广州510006

出　　处：《生态科学》2016年第4期31-37,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：广东省中山市科技计划项目(2013A3FC0244)

摘　　要：向受Cd、Zn复合污染土壤中添加5.51、11.0、16.5 mmol·kg^(–1)(干土)苹果酸和草酸,研究天然小分子有机酸对土壤Cd、Zn的形态转化及小飞扬草(Euphorbia thymifolia L.)和三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)积累Cd、Zn的影响。结果显示:添加苹果酸、草酸处理,土壤中酸提取态Cd、Zn含量比对照分别增加0.13%-1.30%、4.25%-13.4%,有机酸对土壤中Cd和Zn有一定的活化作用。苹果酸和草酸促进小飞扬草和三叶鬼针草对目标重金属的积累、强化效果:苹果酸≈草酸。添加11.0 mmol·kg^(–1)苹果酸处理使小飞扬草对Cd+Zn的总积累量达63.9 mg·kg^(–1),添加11.0 mmol·kg^(–1)草酸处理使三叶鬼针草对Cd+Zn的总积累量达128mg·kg^(–1)。有机酸促进三叶鬼针草向地上部转运Cd和Zn,促进小飞扬草向地上部转运Cd,仅添加11.0 mmol·kg^(–1)苹果酸、草酸和添加16.5 mmol·kg^(–1)草酸处理促进小飞扬草向地上部转运Zn。有机酸处理下,小飞扬草和三叶鬼针草地上部Cd含量与地上部Zn含量显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.533和0.813。添加一定浓度的有机酸可以活化土壤重金属,促进植物地上部对Cd、Zn的富集,提高植物对重金属的积累,加快重金属污染土壤的修复。The purpose of this study was to investigate the transformation and bioaccumulation of Cd and Zn by Euphorbia thymifolia L. and Bidens pilosa L., which influenced by adding 5.51, 11.0 and 16.5 mmol·kg^-1 malic acid and oxalic acid. With organic acids added to the polluted soil, the percentage of Cd and Zn dissolved by weak acid in the soil increased by 0.13%-1.30% and 4.25%-13.4% respectively. Organic acids could activate Cd and Zn in the soil and increase their accumulation in both Euphorbia thymifolia L. and Bidens pilosa L. The strengthening effect of oxalic acid was closed to malic acid. The highest accumulation of Cd and Zn in Euphorbia thymifolia L. and Bidens pilosa L. reached to 63.9 and 128 mg·kg^-1 respectively when 11.0 mmol·kg^-1 malic acid or oxalic acid was added. Organic acids increased the translocation factor of Bidens pilosa L. for Cd and Zn, and increased the translocation factor of Euphorbia thymifolia L. for Cd. Organic acids increased the translocation factor of Euphorbia thymifolia L. for Zn when malic acids and oxalic acids were 11.0 mmol·kg^-1 and oxalic acids was 16.5 mmol·kg^-1. Significantly positive correlation was observed between Cd and Zn concentration in the shoots when organic acids was added, and correlation coefficient was 0.533 and 0.813 for the two plants, respectively. The results suggested that malic acid and oxalic acid could transform Cd and Zn forms significantly and enhance the Cd and Zn accumulation in Euphorbia thymifolia L. and Bidens pilosa L.

关 键 词：苹果酸 草酸 小飞扬草 三叶鬼针草 Cd ZN 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]