露天煤矿排土场植被重建对土壤呼吸的影响  

Effect of vegetation reconstruction on soil respiration of dumping site in an open pit coal mine

作　　者：张鹏[1] 胡宜刚[1] 黄磊[1] 赵洋[1] 虎瑞[1] 刘美玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,沙坡头沙漠试验研究站,兰州730000

出　　处：《生态科学》2016年第4期91-96,共6页Ecological Science

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB3-13-03);国家自然科学青年基金(41201086);中国科学院“西部之光博士项目”

摘　　要：植被重建是露天煤矿生态恢复的重要途径,植被恢复的最终目的是土壤生境的恢复,而土壤呼吸是反映土壤健康状况的关键指标之一。采用LI-8100土壤碳通量观测系统,对内蒙古黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场不同植被配置下的土壤呼吸进行了测定,分析了植被配置、生物、环境因子对土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明:植被配置类型对土壤呼吸影响显著,乔-草型和乔-灌-草型配置下的土壤呼吸速率接近(平均2.68μmol CO_2·m^(–2)·s^(–1),P>0.05),显著高于乔-灌型(2.33μmol CO_2·m^(–2)·s^(–1),P<0.001),但都显著低于邻近撂荒地土壤呼吸(3.64μmol CO_2·m^(–2)·s^(–1),P<0.001)。4种植被类型下的土壤呼吸日变化都呈单峰曲线,但峰值出现的时间不同。土壤呼吸与植被盖度、草本多度、丰富度、生物土壤结皮盖度、厚度、土壤全氮、硝态氮、有机质含量显著正相关,与灌木盖度、土壤体积含水量、容重和铵态氮含量显著负相关。植被重建显著影响矿区排土场土壤呼吸,植被配置类型、草本盖度多度和土壤碳氮水平是影响土壤呼吸时空变异的关键因子。Vegetation reconstruction is an important way of promoting the ecological recovery of open-pit coal mines. Soil habitat restoration is the ultimate goal of vegetation reconstruction, and soil respiration is one of the key indicators of soil health. In this paper, a LI- 8100 soil carbon flux observation system was used for soil respiration determination under different vegetation configuration modes in Heidaigou open-pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia. The effects of biological and environmental factors on soil respiration rate in mining area were analyzed. The results showed that vegetation configuration types had significant effects on soil respiration. The soil respiration rate under the tree-herb mode was similar to that under the tree-shrub-herb mode（the average was 2.68 μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1, P〉0.05）, which was significantly higher than that under the tree-shrub mode（2.33 μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1, P〈0.001）, and was significantly lower than that in nearby abandoned area（3.64 μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1, P〈0.001）. The daily variations of soil respiration under the 4 vegetation types were all single-peak curves, but the peak times were different. Soil respiration showed significantly positive correlation with total vegetation coverage, herb coverage, herb abundance, richness, biological soil crust coverage, thickness, soil total nitrogen, organic matter and nitrate nitrogen, while it showed significantly negative correlation with shrub coverage, soil volumetric water content, bulk density and ammonium nitrogen. Our study suggested that re-vegetation types significant affected soil respiration, vegetation configuration types, herbaceous cover and abundance, and soil carbon and nitrogen content level was a key factor affecting temporal and spatial variability of soil respiration.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 排土场 植被恢复 土壤呼吸 影响因素 

分 类 号：S284[农业科学—农业水土工程]