基于3S技术的黄河内蒙古段河道演变特性分析  

Analysis of characteristics of river channel evolution in Inner Mongolia reach of Yellow River based on 3S technology

作　　者：赵水霞 李畅游[1] 李超[1] 史小红[1] 孙标[1] 赵胜男[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2016年第4期70-74,共5页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51369017;51369021);内蒙古自治区自然基金(2012MS0721)

摘　　要：为揭示黄河内蒙古段河道形态大尺度、长序列的演变规律,选取典型河段蒲圪卜—岔河口为研究对象,以1995—2013年4期(1995年、1999年、2006年和2013年)多光谱遥感影像为数据源,采用3S技术,结合RTK实测数据,对不同年份129个测量断面的河道平面摆动及河槽宽度变化进行了分析。结果表明,基于3S技术解译的河道形态与实测河道形态吻合较好,1995—2013年研究区河槽宽度在波动中呈萎缩趋势,2013年与1995年相比主河槽宽度平均萎缩了32.24 m,变化率为-9%;弯道处多次出现裁弯取直,河床地质条件、河道来水来沙条件及河道形态是影响河道演变的重要因素;相比于基岩河床,砂质河床的河槽宽度变化率较大,变化幅度为-12%^-33%;昭君坟断面较明显的河槽萎缩是受南岸库布其沙漠及上游"十大孔兑"入黄沙量增加的影响。In order to explore the large-scale long-term law of river channel evolution in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River, the Pugebu-Chahekou section was selected as a study area. The lateral migrations of the river channel and the changes in river width at 129 cross-sections monitored in different years were analyzed using 3S technology and RTK data on the basis of four groups of multi-spectral remote sensing image data during the period of 1995,1999,2006 and 2013. The results show that the interpreted river morphology results using the 3S technology agreed with the measured results. The average width of the river showed a tendency of shrinkage, although fluctuation existed. The river width of the main stream decreased by 32. 24 m on average from 1995 to 2013, with a change rate of -9%. Curve cutoff phenomena occurred more than once. The geological conditions, inflowing water and sediment conditions, and channel morphology are important factors affecting river channel evolution. The change rates of river width in the sandy riverbed sections ranged from -12% to -33%, which were greater than those in the bedrock riverbed sections. The apparent shrinkage of the Zhaojunfen cross-section was affected by the increase of the content of sand into the Yellow River from the Kubuqi Desert in the south and ten tributaries upstream.

关 键 词：黄河内蒙古段 河道演变 河槽萎缩 3S技术 遥感数据 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]