苦楝种源果核和种子性状地理变异的趋势面分析  

Trend Surface Analysis of Provenance Geographic Variation of Melia azedarach Stone and Seed

作　　者：廖柏勇[1,2] 陈丽君[1,2] 王芳[1,2] 何霞[1,2] 刘明骞[1,2] 陈涵斌[1,2] 任颖[1,2] 陈晓阳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东省森林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2016年第5期784-792,共9页Forest Research

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新项目"楝科;樟科优质速生树种良种选育和高效栽培技术研究与示范"(2011KJCX002)

摘　　要：苦楝（MeliaazedarachL．）为楝科（Meliaceae）楝属（MeliaL．）植物，俗称楝树、紫花树等，是速生、优质的多用途用材树种。我国苦楝资源丰富，分布广泛，从北方的河北保定、山西运城和甘肃陇南到南方的海南崖县，从东部的台湾、福建沿海到西部的四川和云南，分布范围覆盖中国陆地的三分之一，集中于我国18～38°N，100～122°E。在海拔2100m以下的常绿阔叶林、落叶林及溪谷、田地的边缘和道路两旁都能见到苦楝。苦楝也广泛分布于斯里兰卡、泰国、越南、土耳其、菲律宾、不丹、尼泊尔、巴布亚新几内亚、印度、印度尼西亚、老挝、澳大利亚和太平洋群岛等热带和亚热带地区拉。[ Objective ] Melia azedarach is a multi-purpose fast growing timber tree species widely distributed in Chi- na. It is important to study the geographic variation pattern for seedlots and adaptive regions selection. [ Method] 12 key traits of stone and seeds of 70 M. azedarach provenances collected from 17 provinces were used to analyze the geographic variation patterns by trend surface method. [ Result ] The results reveal that the traits variation of stones and seeds from different provenance are controlled by both longitude and latitude, but mainly the latitude var- iation. The performance within the distribution area in China totally follows a continuity of cline pattern. Among the traits observed, the width of stone and seeds shows a southwest-northeast gradient variation while hundred grain weight of stone and seeds mainly presents a northwest-southeast gradient variation. And peel 2 of stone shows a trend of south-north gradient variation. A positive linear relationship or a reverse parabolic curve relationship was found between traits and seedlots elevation, the width and weight of seeds and stones increased by the seedlot elevations. Based on the stone and seed traits, the cluster analysis and principal component analysis, the provenances can be divided into four groups. [ Conclusion ] Morphological differences of Melia Azedarach provenance shows that along with the change of the geographical factors, a variety of provenance forms their own ecological traits. Under similar geographical environment, the provenance traits performs similar trend. Increasing the molecular genetic evidence and long-term multi-location provenance trial could validate the reliability of the provenance regionalization.

关 键 词：苦楝 种源 地理变异模式 趋势面分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S792.33[农业科学—林木遗传育种]