累积性环境污染的权责划分与保险补偿  

Division of Liabilities and Insurance Compensation of Cumulative Environmental Pollution

作　　者：张伟[1] 张三峰[2] 金山[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东金融学院华南金融研究所,广东广州510521 [2]南京信息工程大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《保险研究》2016年第9期48-57,共10页Insurance Studies

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金自由申请项目"广东‘双转移’的环境风险循环扩散效应与环境污染保险补偿机制研究"(项目编号:2014A030313661);南京信息工程大学中国制造业研究院开放课题"环境规制对制造业绩效的影响研究--基于企业层面数据的视角"(项目编号:SK201202006);国家自然科学基金项目"中国农业保险环境效应测度及补贴政策调控研究"(项目编号:71203038);教育部人文社会科学基金规划项目"基于农村环境保护视角的中国农业保险绿色补贴机制研究"(项目编号:13YJA630062)

摘　　要：我国相关法律虽然规定了环境污染受害者具有向侵权方索取赔偿的权利,但并没有明确相应的赔偿标准,在数人侵权的情况下赔偿责任的划分也存在很大争议,特别在累积性环境污染这种潜伏期比较长的环境侵权类型中,受害人申请索赔时可能面临侵权主体已经破产倒闭,导致自身合法权益无法得到保障的情况发生。本文分析认为,累积性环境污染与职业病具有高度相似性,可以参照工伤保险中针对职业病人的赔偿标准对受害人进行经济补偿。此外,为了确保所有累积性环境污染的受害人在申请索赔时不受侵权企业是否存继或者赔付能力不足的影响,建议根据企业的污染物排放量收取环境污染保险费,进而构建多层次的累积性环境污染损害赔偿基金,向遭受累积性环境污染侵害而导致身体损伤的社会公众支付保险赔偿。Although China^s relevant laws and regulations prescribe that environmental pollution victims have the right to claim for compensation from the infringing party, but they do not specify the appropriate standards of com- pensation. Therefore, the division of liability in the case of multiple violating parties involves great controversy, es- pecially in the cumulative environmental pollution tort case which has a long latent period. When the victim lodges the claim, the infringing party may have gone bankrupt, resulting in the situation that the claimant＇ s legitimate rights and interests can not be protected. The paper held that cumulative environmental pollution and occupational disease had a high degree of similarity, therefore the compensation standards of work-related injury insurance can be referred to when deciding on the compensation for pollution victims. Moreover, to ensure that all victims of cumula- tive environmental pollution are not affected by whether the infringing firm still exists or not or whether it is capable of fulfilling its liability, the paper recommended to charge premiums based on the enterprise＇ s environmental pollu- tant emissions, and then built up a multi-level cumulative environmental pollution damage compensation fund to compensate for the general public due to their bodily damage in environmental pollution cases.

关 键 词：累积性环境污染 保险补偿 环境保险费 污染损害赔偿基金 职业病 

分 类 号：F842.6[经济管理—保险]