新疆开都河流域不同环境介质中的有机氯农药和多环芳烃残留及分布特征  

Residue and Distribution Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Different Environmental Components of the Kaidu River Catchment,Xinjiang

作　　者：沈贝贝[1,2] 吴敬禄[1] 赵中华[1] 马龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016年第4期646-652,607,共7页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41201535,41271205,U1138301);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2012503);自治区科技人才培养项目(qn2015yx031)

摘　　要：为探讨新疆开都河流域水不同介质的来源及分布特征,检测了开都河流域水、土壤和表层沉积物样品中20种有机氯农药（OCPs）和16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量。结果显示,OCPs和PAHs在水中的含量分别为42.5~62.5ng/L和29.4~454.3ng/L,在土壤中的含量分别为8.8~12.4ng/g和6.6~128.2ng/g,在表层沉积物中的含量分别为6.6~13.7ng/g和20.8~491.0ng/g。空间分布上,开都河中游污染相对严重的土壤对应的周边河流沉积物也具有较高浓度的污染物,这种分布明显受人类活动影响,沿河道上游呈递增趋势,但总体上低于入湖口沉积物中的含量,表明博斯腾湖蓄积了来自周边的污染物。来源分析表明,开都河流域的六六六（HCHs）和滴滴涕（DDTs）主要是历史残留,而入湖口区水体和表层沉积物中新的DDTs,可能与湖泊沉积物被扰动引起的再悬浮释放有关。PAHs以低分子量组分为主,其高含量主要来自于木柴、煤等中低温燃烧。风险评价结果表明,开都河流域土壤和沉积物中的OCPs和PAHs不存在显著的生态风险。Concentrations of 20 organochlorine pesticides（OCPs） and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） were measured in water,soil and sediment samples from the Kaidu River catchment,Xinjiang,China,and their possible sources and distributions were discussed in this study.Concentrations of total OCPs and total PAHs ranged from 42.5 to62.5 ng / L and 29.4 to 454.3 ng / L,from 8.8 to 12.4 ng / g and 6.6 to 128.2 ng / g,from 6.6 to 13.7 ng / g and 20.8 to491.0 ng / g in water,soil and sediments respectively.The stream sediment,which is surrounded by the highly polluted soils,showed higher total OCPs and total PAHs concentrations,indicating the strong effects of anthropogenic activities.The concentrations of total OCPs and total PAHs in stream sediments were relatively lower than those in the Bositeng Lake,indicating that the Bositeng Lake is a sink of the regional pollutants.The sources analysis indicated that hexachlorocyclohexanes（HCHs） and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes（DDTs） were mainly from historical agriculture applications,and DDTs in water and sediments of the Bositeng Lake estuary may also contribute to the subsequent release after the disturbance of sediments.The low molecular weight PAHs are predominant fractions of the whole PAHs and their high concentrations indicated the potential source of low-temperature combustions.The risk assessments suggested that adverse biological effects of OCPs and PAHs to the aquatic ecosystem are limited since their concentrations in soils and sediments are still at relatively low levels.

关 键 词：有机氯农药 多环芳烃 开都河流域 水、土壤和表层沉积物 来源和分布 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]