德国非营利组织参与提供公共服务对我国的启示--以社会政策领域为例  

Lessons Learned from Civil Society Organizations' Participation in Public Service Delivery in Germany:Findings from the Social Policy Field

作　　者：吕孝礼 潘宇舟 

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084 [2]清华大学应急管理研究基地,北京100084 [3]德国墨卡托中国研究中心,德国柏林101790

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2016年第10期140-144,共5页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：清华大学自主科研计划(编号:20151080360);北京市优秀人才培养资助(编号:2015000020124G087);国家优秀青年科学基金“公共服务与管理”(编号:71422012)

摘　　要：目前中国政府尚无法提供覆盖全社会的公共服务体系,非营利组织参与提供公共服务正逐步成为国家治理体系的重要组成部分。非营利组织参与提供公共服务在我国尚处于初步探索阶段,有必要学习和借鉴西方发达国家的经验和教训。本文主要关注德国非营利组织参与提供公共服务的经验和教训。德国经验表明,单独依托政府无法在财力和质量监控上确保提供优质公共服务;德国地区间财政转移支付政策从财力上确保为国民提供均等化的基本公共服务,从而为非营利组织提供了经费保障;不断完善的法律制度更好地规范了非营利组织准入制度、员工培训与管理,并鼓励利益相关者参与服务监督以提高服务质量。借鉴德国经验时也必须意识到,德国的非营利组织广泛参与与其国家和社会所倡导的自治准则及非营利组织发展密切相关。The public service delivered by the Chinese government cannot satisfy all demands from the society, and public service delivered by Civil Society Organizations （CSO） becomes an indispensable component of the current national governance system. China is still exploring how CSOs can participate in public service delivery, and it is necessary to learn lessons from western experiences. This article mainly focuses on lessons learned from CSOs＇ participation in public service delivery in Germany. The study of the German case demonstrates that the govern-ment solely cannot provide sufficient budgets or quality control to guarantee high quality public service delivery. Transfer payment across regions in Germany provides relatively poor regions with necessary resources to provide equal basic public service. German institutional and legal framework provides clear entry standard, training and management requirement of employees, and quality control of CSOs. Meanwhile, we must realize that CSOs＇ wide participation in service delivery in Germany is based on its unique national context, which may not fit well with the current Chinese situation.

关 键 词：德国 非营利组织 政府购买公共服务 社会资本 社会政策 

分 类 号：C912.2[经济管理] D751.6[社会学] D630[政治法律—政治学]