内部理性化和外部依赖性:德国“新掌舵模式”及其对我国的启示  

Internal Rationalization and External Dependence:the Two Dimensions of German "New Steering Model" Administrative Reform and Its Inspiration to China

作　　者：李金龙[1] 孙欢[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,副教授长沙410000 [2]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院,硕士研究生武汉430072

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2016年第10期145-150,共6页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：联合国开发计划署(UNDP)与我国中央编办合作委托项目"中国公共部门改革创新战略"(编号:00056242)

摘　　要：理性主义的改革取向和法治原则的外部依赖是德国行政改革过程中两条主线,因而德国的行政改革往往呈现出內部理性化和外部依赖性相统一的运作逻辑。20世纪90年代,由于两德统一后地方政府财政危机等困境,德国地方政府以新公共管理理念为指导,掀起了"新掌舵模式"的改革运动。该模式经历了以政府內部组织结构改革为主的內部导向和以政府与公民关系塑造为主的外部导向两个內部理性化阶段。但受到德国宪法一国家秩序传统影响,新掌舵模式具有很强的外部依赖性,具体包括合法性依赖、功能性依赖和理念性依赖。而改革开放以来我国渐进式的行政改革历程同样表现出理性化和外部依赖特征,德国的行政改革逻辑为当前我国进一步深化行政改革提供一定的借鉴意义。The orientation of rationalism and the external dependence to the constitutionalism is the two main lines in the process of German administrative reform, so the operational logic of the administrative reform tends to present the combination of internal rationalization and external dependence. In the 1990s, in consequence of the fiscal crisis after German reunification, German local governments started the ＂New Steering Mode＂ reform guided by the concept of the New Public Management. And the reform has experienced two stages：the internal reform which mainly focused on the organizational structure, and the external reform which mainly focused on the relationship between government and citizens. But influenced by the traditional constitutional order, the NSM has the strong external dependence including legal dependence, functional dependence and the conceptional dependence. In China, the progressive course of administrative reform since 1978 made Chinese economic reform also show the similar characters. And the NSM practice is a certain reference to the further deepening administrative reform.

关 键 词：新掌舵模式 内部理性化 法治原则 外部依赖性 渐进改革 

分 类 号：D751.6[政治法律—政治学] D630[政治法律—中外政治制度]