明清以来晋南龙祠泉域的水权变革  

The Change of Water Rights of the Longci Spring Water Community in the Southern Shanxi Province since the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：周亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2016年第9期89-98,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"黄土高原水利社区结构与时代转型研究"(11CZS048);2016年山西省高等学校人文社会科学基地项目"汾河中游的水利;生态与社会(1368-1982)"(2016329)

摘　　要：明清时期的龙祠水利资源,由乡村整体势力尤其是精英势力占据支配地位,地方精英运用其掌握的各种资源和关系网络,维持着不甚对等的水权格局,并通过其特权惠及村庄民众,使村庄结成特殊利益集团。这一水权格局虽屡遭其他利益集团的挑战,但村庄整体实力的长期存在和传统水利秩序的惯性运行,使其很难被彻底改变。民国时期,国家自上而下的制度变革并没有使其发生实质的变化。解放后,中共领导的土地改革带来一场翻天覆地的社会变革,彻底改变了传统社会的权力格局,国家统一实行水权分配,贫下中农代替传统望族成为国家基层水权的实际操作者,为整个集体化时期的水权分配格局奠定了基础。In Lonci Spring water community, the rural establishments, especially the local elites, dominated the allocation of water resources. They maintained the pattern of water rights by their resources and relationships, and formed a special interest group by patronizing the people. The pattern of water rights was always challenged from other interest groups, but it＇s never be changed because of the inertia of traditional water order. In the Mid-20th century, the land reform brought a radical social change, and completely changed the power structure of the traditional society, the government allocated the water rights by plan, and the poor and lower-middle peasants became the ruler of water rights,which was the foundation of the water rights pattern in the collectivization era.

关 键 词：明清 乡村势力 精英 土改 贫下中农 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]