平衡施肥对旱地‘同心圆枣’产量与品质的影响  

Effect of Balanced Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of‘Tongxinyuanzao'Jujube on Dry Land in Ningxia

作　　者：魏天军[1] 李百云[1] 李慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第19期5-9,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑课题资助项目(2013BAD14B03);国家星火计划资助项目(2012GA880001)

摘　　要：以种植在宁夏中部干旱带同心县旱地的4~6年生‘同心圆枣’树为试材,在化验分析园区土壤理化性状和养分含量的基础上,重点研究了平衡施肥和叶喷微肥对枣树产量、品质、生理和树体生长发育等方面的影响。结果表明:‘同心圆枣’园土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、微量元素铁和锰严重缺乏,速效钾缺乏,而平衡施肥是增加旱地土壤养分及树体营养的重要措施。2014—2015年,在年均667m^2人工补水60m3的基础上,与完全不施肥的对照相比,4种平衡施肥处理的单果质量净增加了3.35~4.35g,单株产量平均每年增加了8.23~9.15倍,其中整行施肥处理在2015年667m^2产量达247.7kg;平衡施肥+叶喷微肥处理的叶面积和叶绿素含量分别增加了65.7%、34.4%。2014年,在土壤平衡施肥的基础上,叶喷微肥处理的枣树单株产量增加了59.2%。The effects of balanced fertilization and foliar fertilizer spraying on the yield, quality, physiology, tree growth and development of jujube etc were experimented mainly based on the analysis of soil physiochemical properties and nutrient content in the jujube orchid and using four to six years old ＇Tongxinyuanzao ＇ jujube trees as material in the arid region of central Ningxia. The results indicated that, the soil were seriously short of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus,the micro-element of iron and manganese in the ＇Tongxinyuanzao % jujube orchard. Meanwhile the available potassium was also lacking. But the balanced fertilization was an important measure to increase soil nutrition and jujube tree nutrition on dry land. Compared with the control of incomplete fertilization, the single fruit weight of four kinds of balanced fertilization was increased by 3. 35-4. 35 g,the two-year average yield of individual was increased by 8. 23- 9. 15 times,and the yield of 667 m^2 of total row fertilization reached to 247.7 kg in 2015,the leaf area and chlorophyll content were respectively increased by 65. 7 % and 34. 4 %, by balanced fertilization＋ foliar fertilizer spraying, under the base of 60 m^3 artificial water of 667 m^2 per year. In 2014,the yield of jujube tree was increased by 59.2%,based on balanced fertilization with foliar fertilizer spraying.

关 键 词：平衡施肥 旱地 '同心圆枣’ 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S665.106.2[农业科学—果树学]