设施富营养化土壤平衡施肥技术研究  

Study on Balance Fertilization in Nutrition Richness Greenhouse Soil

作　　者：刘聪[1] 韩秉进[2] 吴凤芝[1] 潘凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学园艺学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第19期184-188,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划重大资助项目(GA15B104)

摘　　要：以连年栽种作物的设施大棚土壤为研究对象,采用目标产量法,研究了富营养条件下设施土壤的平衡施肥方法。结果表明:对于设施富营养化土壤种植黄瓜肥料利用率氮肥为29.3%,磷肥为-9.6%,钾肥为35.4%;种植番茄肥料利用率氮肥为32.6%,磷肥为30.69%,钾肥为56.99%;种植菜豆肥料利用率氮肥为-2.4%,磷肥为-35.8%,钾肥为-7.97%,除番茄外,富营养化地区种植使用磷肥几乎没有增产效果。同时通过试验确定了富营养化设施土壤栽培黄瓜、番茄、菜豆的N、K施肥量上限及施肥比例:黄瓜667m^2最大施肥量32.1kg,N、K比例为1.4∶1;番茄667m^2最大施肥量27.0kg,N、K比例为1.4∶1;菜豆667m^2最大施肥量17.4kg,N、K比例为1∶1。在富营养化设施土壤栽培中推广平衡施肥技术,能够很好地提高产量,节约肥料用量,增加经济效益。With greenhouse soil that continuous cropped with different plant as test object, by target yield method, the method of balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on nutrition richness soil in greenhouse were studied. The results showed that under nutrition richness soil in greenhouse, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the cucumber yield were 29. 3%,-9. 6% ,35. 4% ;nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of the tomato yield were 32. 6% ,30. 69%, 56. 99% ;nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium recovery rate of the bean yield were -2. 4%,-35. 8%,-7. 97%. In this experiment,the maximum nitrogen and potassium application rate of cucumber,tomato and bean per 667 m^2 were 32. 1,27. 0, 17. 4 kg,the fixed N/K ratio of cucumber, tomato and bean were 1. 4 ： 1,1. 4 ： 1,1 ： 1. Expanding balanced fertilization technique of nutrition richness soil could improve the yield ,saving fertilizer and increase economic benefits.

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 富营养化 肥料利用 平衡施肥 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]