漩门湾不同类型湿地大型底栖动物群落特征比较研究  

Variation in macrobenthic community characteristics among different types of wetlands in Xuanmen Bay

作　　者：任鹏[1] 方平福[1] 鲍毅新[1] 李海宏[1] 王华[1] 龚堃[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学生态研究所,金华321004

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第18期5632-5645,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(ZEO204)

摘　　要：为研究漩门湾围垦后自然滩涂湿地和不同利用方式人工湿地7种生境的大型底栖动物群落结构现状和受扰动情况,2010年10月至2012年7月在两个区域中进行了为期两周年8个季度的大型底栖动物调查,结果表明:两周年共获得大型底栖动物5门8纲41科63种;第一周年为47种,其中自然滩涂湿地41种,人工湿地14种;第二周年为58种,其中自然滩涂湿地50种,人工湿地10种,人工湿地的物种数明显少于自然滩涂湿地。采集到的物种以软体动物和节肢动物为主,分别为32种和23种,各占总物种数的50.00%和37.10%。两周年的年均栖息密度和年均生物量在生境间从高到低依次为,年均栖息密度第一周年HS>GT>HH>RL>SC>NY>SK,第二周年GT>HS>HH>SC>NY>RL>SK;年均生物量第一周为HS>RL>HH>GT>NY>SK>SC,第二周年是HS>HH>RL>GT>NY>SC>SK。3种大型底栖动物的生物多样性指数(Margalef丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(J))分析表明,两周年7种生境3种多样性指数均处在不断的变化之中,人工湿地的Margalef丰富度指数(S)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')相对于自然滩涂湿地偏低,而Pielou均匀度指数(J)人工湿地大于自然滩涂湿地。聚类和排序的结果表明,围垦使大型底栖动物的群落结构发生明显的变化。ABC曲线分析结果表明,自然滩涂湿地受到的干扰程度较轻,而人工湿地受到的干扰程度较大。围垦改变了潮滩高程、水动力、盐度、沉积物特性,再加上人类活动的影响,这些因素是造成底栖动物群落结构及生物多样性变化的主要原因,围垦结束后的生态修复十分必要。In order to study the structure of the macrobenthic community in the coastal and artificial wetlands in Xuanmen Bay, samples in different seasons were collected in seven habitats from two types of wetlands from October 2010 to July 2012. We identified 63 macrobenthic species in total, belonging to 41 Families, 8 Classes, and 5 Phyla. In the first year, 47 species were found, of which 41 were identified in the coastal wetlands and 14 in the artificial wetlands. In the second year, 58 species were found, including 50 in the coastal wetlands and 10 in the artificial wetlands. The total number of species in the artificial wetlands was significantly lower compared to that in the coastal wetlands. The two dominant species belonged to mollusks and arthropods, and accounted for 50.00% and 37.10%, of the species total respectively. In two years, 5 species were identified in the coastal wetland and the average number of dominant species was 4.50, whereas in the artificial wetlands, 8 species were identified, with the average number of dominant ones being 3.25. The two-year average density and biomass values for the macrobenthos ranked from highest to the lowest were as follows for the first year：density values were HS 〉 GT 〉 HH 〉 RL 〉 SC 〉 NY 〉 SK, and GT 〉 HS 〉 HH 〉 SC 〉 NY 〉 RL 〉 SK, whereas biomass values were HS 〉 RL 〉 HH 〉 GT 〉 NY 〉 SK 〉 SC and HS 〉 HH 〉 RL 〉 GT 〉 NY 〉 SC 〉 SK. In two years, three species diversity measurements （the Margalef richness index （S）, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇）, and the Pielou evenness index （J）） were in a state of constant change in 7 different habitats. Compared with the values obtained for the coastal wetlands, S and H＇ in the artificial wetlands were lower. Over two years, three species diversity measurements in the coastal wetlands three habitats （HH,GT,HS） was the second year higher than the first year, while in the artificial wetlands, three species diversity measurements in the NY habitat was the s

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 周年变化 围垦 人工湿地 自然滩涂湿地 群落特征 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]