基于土地利用/覆被变化的流域景观格局与水沙响应关系研究  

Land use/cover change based relationship between landscape,runoff,and sedimentation

作　　者：刘晓君[1] 李占斌[1,2] 李鹏[2] 张铁钢[2] 徐国策[2] 高海东[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第18期5691-5700,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41330858);国家自然科学基金项目(41471226);国家科技支撑计划专题项目(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：以黄河流域的2个典型流域为研究对象,借助GIS和Fragstats平台与长系列水沙数据,分析流域景观格局和水沙变化特征,并探讨景观指数与径流输沙的关系。结果表明:(1)两个流域优势景观类型为草地,1985—2010年间变化最大的景观类型分别为未利用土地(25a变幅为453.94 km^2)和耕地(25a变幅为52.85 km^2);(2)秃尾河流域景观均向规则、高连通和高度聚集的方向发展。孤山川控制流域内景观多样性和聚集度逐渐增加,整体向好。秃尾河流域景观稳定性指数高于孤山川流域,两流域草地和未利用土地地稳定性均呈增加趋势,而城乡工矿用地则相反。(3)流域年径流量和泥沙量均呈现逐年同步减小的趋势。秃尾河年径流量明显高于孤山川,但孤山川流域泥沙量与秃尾河流域相近。两流域径流泥沙相关关系显著,秃尾河流域相关系数(0.48)明显低于孤山川流域(0.85)。(4)景观指数与径流量、泥沙量呈显著线性相关,其中景观多样性相关的指数SHDI、SIDI、SHEI和SIEI均与径流呈极显著正相关,而泥沙仅与CONTAG、COHESION呈显著负相关。Serious soil erosion by the Yellow River has not only led to ecological deterioration, but also heightened the risk of floods downstream. Land use change is the main factor responsible for the ecological and environmental issues. Sedimentation and runoff variation caused by land use change has emerged as one of the popular topics of discussion. Researchers usually select landscape pattern as an important indicative factor of land use for analyzing the tense relationship between the socioeconomic system and natural ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of landscape patterns, runoff, and sedimentation changes, and discuss the relationship between landscape indices （LIs）, runoff, and sedimentation. Two typical watersheds （Tuweihe and Gushanchuan watersheds） in the Yellow River basin were selected as the study sites. Long-term historical land use, runoff, and sediment data （1985-2010） were analyzed relying on geographic information system and Fragstats software. Landscape indices included NP （number of patches）, PD （patch density）, LPI （largest patch index）, LSI （landscape shape index）, PAFRAC （perimeter area fractal dimension）, CONTAG （contagion index）, COHESION （patch cohesion index）, DIVISION （landscape division index）, and SHDI （Shannon＇s diversity index）. The following results were obtained：（1） Grassland was the dominant landscape in the two watersheds. Unused land in Tuweihe watershed and farmland in Gushanchuan watershed experienced the greatest changes with areas of 453.94 km2 and 52.85 km2, respectively, from 1985 to 2010. Deforestation and reconversion of cultivated land to forest and grassland were the main reasons for the land cover change. （2） The calculation of coefficient of variation （CV） revealed that LPI of Tuweihe watershed had intermediate variability （CV=27.29%）, while all the others including LIs of Gushanchuan watershed had little variability （CV〈10%）. The landscape in Tuweihe watershed

关 键 词：土地利用/覆被变化 景观格局 径流量 输沙量 黄河流域 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学] P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]