沼液还田对旱地红壤微生物群落代谢与多样性的影响  

Analysis on metabolic characteristics and functional diversity of soil edaphon communities in upland red soil under biogas slurry application

作　　者：郑学博[1,2] 樊剑波[1] 崔键[1] 徐磊[1,2] 祝振球 周静[1,2,3,4] 何园球[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,中国科学院红壤生态实验站,鹰潭335211 [4]江西省科学院生物资源研究所,南昌330029

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第18期5865-5875,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203050);国家自然基金青年项目(31201690);赣鄱英才555工程;国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD05B01,2012BAD05B04)

摘　　要：通过沼液还田定位实验,按照不同沼液全氮还田比例设6个等氮量(N-P_2O_5-K_2O量均为120-90-135 kg/hm^2(对照除外))处理:对照(不施肥,CK)、100%化学氮(NPK)、15%沼液氮+85%化学氮(BS15)、30%沼液氮+70%化学氮(BS30)、45%沼液氮+55%化学氮(BS45)和100%沼液氮(BS100),运用Biolog-ECO技术分析0—20cm花生收获期土壤微生物群落代谢功能多样性,阐明微生物群落代谢与沼液还田量的相关关系。结果表明:①BS45、BS30处理土壤微生物群落碳源代谢强度(AWCD)显著高于CK和NPK处理;而BS15、BS100处理土壤微生物群落碳源代谢强度(AWCD)与CK和NPK处理则无显著差异;②土壤微生物群落碳源代谢强度(AWCD)、丰富度指数、Shannon指数、Simpson优势度指数均表现为BS45>BS30>NPK>CK>BS100>BS15;③结合主成分分析和聚类分析,表明各处理土壤微生物群落功能多样性分为4组:BS45、BS30处理为一组,微生物群落代谢活性最强,特别是碳水化合物、氨基酸、聚合物和胺类等碳源的代谢能力;NPK、CK、BS100处理为一组,微生物群落代谢活性次之;BS15处理为一组,微生物群落代谢能力最低,其碳水化合物、羧酸、氨基酸、聚合物、酚类和胺类等碳源的代谢能力均为最低。结合主成分分析综合得分,土壤微生物群落代谢和多样性的顺序为BS45>BS30>NPK>CK>BS100>BS15。可见,沼液还田显著影响旱地红壤微生物群落的代谢活性和多样性,沼液不能完全替代化肥,当沼液全氮还田比例在30%—45%时,微生物群落代谢活性最强,有利于土壤质量提高,适于在我国旱地红壤地区推广。In order to provide a theoretical basis for soil edaphon community improvement and a fertilization system establishment for arid areas in south China, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of biogas slurry returning systems on the metabolic characteristics and functional diversity of soil edaphon communities in upland red soil.The experiment contained six treatments：nofertilizer （CK）, chemical fertilizer （NPK）,15% biogas slurry N＋85% chemical fertilizer N （BS15）, 30% biogas slurry N＋70% chemical fertilizer N （BS30）, 45% biogas slurry N＋55% chemical fertilizer N （BS45）, and 100% biogas slurry N （BS100）. Each treatment included the same amounts of N-P2O5-K2O=120-90-135 kg/hm^2（except for CK）.Average well color development （AWCD）, indexes of microbial functional diversity （Shannon index, Simpson index, richness index） were determined, and principal component analysis （PCA） and clustering analysis were conducted. The results showed that the AWCD value of treatments BS45 and BS30 was significantly higher than that of CK and NPK treatments, respectively. Treatments BS15 and BS100 showed no significant difference to CK and NPK treatments, respectively. The order of AWCD value, Richness index, Shannon index, and Simpson index wereall the same as follow：BS45 〉 BS30 〉 NPK 〉 CK 〉 BS100 〉 BS15. The results of PCA and clustering analysis showed that the functional diversity of soil edaphoncan develop into 4 groups：First were treatments BS45 and BS30 with the highest microbial activity, which promoted microbial activity to metabolize the carbon sources of carbohydrates, amino acids, polymers and amines; Second were treatments NPK and CK with second highest microbial activity; Thirdwas treatment BS100 with the third highest microbial activity, and fourth was treatment BS15 with the lowest microbial activity. Combined with the PCA score, the order of functional diversity of edaphon communities was BS45 〉 BS30 〉 NPK 〉 CK 〉 BS100 〉 BS15. Ov

关 键 词：沼液 旱地红壤 Biolog—ECO 微生物代谢特征 群落多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]