华北轮作农田灌溉制度多目标优化模型及应用  

Multi-objective optimization method for irrigation scheduling of crop rotation system and its application in North China

作　　者：于芷婧[1] 尚松浩[1] YU Zhijing SHANG Songhao(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水利学报》2016年第9期1188-1196,共9页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(20121302229);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAB05B03)

摘　　要：针对华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作种植模式,构建了轮作农田灌溉制度多目标模拟-优化模型,该模型利用水量平衡模型模拟不同灌溉制度下的农田耗水过程,利用水分生产函数估算不同耗水条件下的作物产量,以2种作物每次灌溉的灌水时间及灌水定额为决策变量,以两种作物产量最大为目标函数。引入动态罚函数对灌溉定额进行约束,采用改进非支配排序遗传算法进行求解,最终用理想点法对所得Pareto非劣解进行决策。不同灌溉定额下北京地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田灌溉制度多目标优化结果表明:轮作模式下冬小麦的灌水关键时期为抽穗与灌浆期,与水分敏感期基本一致;夏玉米的灌水关键时期为拔节与抽穗期,受前期墒情及降水影响比水分敏感期有所提前。在最优灌溉制度下,随着灌水量的增加,两种作物产量均增加;产值呈抛物线增加,但边际产值递减;单位灌水量产值呈幂函数减小;同时作物耗水量呈对数增加,而土壤水利用量呈抛物线减少。For rotation cropping system of winter wheat and summer corn in North China, a multi-objec-tive simulation based optimization model was proposed to determine the optimal irrigation scheduling on an-nual basis based on irrigation experiment data. For simulation models,a cropland water balance model wasused to simulate field evapotranspiration processes at different irrigation scheduling,and crop water produc-tion functions of winter wheat and summer corn were used to estimate crop yield at different irrigationscheduling. For the optimization model, the date and quota of irrigation applications for two rotation cropswere taken as decision variables, and the crop yield of winter wheat and summer corn were taken as twoobjectives. By introducing dynamic penalty function for the constraint of irrigation quota,the non-dominatedsorting genetic algorithm-II was used to solve the multi-objective simulation based optimization model toget the Pareto solution set. According to the principles of the ideal point method, an appropriate irrigationscheduling was recommended from the Pareto solution set for each given irrigation quota. The multi-objec-tive optimization results of irrigation scheduling for winter wheat-summer corn rotation field in Beijing showthat the key irrigation periods for winter wheat are heading and filling stages, which is in agreement withthe periods with higher water sensitivity. The key irrigation periods for summer corn are shooting and fillingstages, which is before the periods with higher water sensitivity caused by lower initial water content andprecipitation process in the growing period. With the increase of irrigation quota,the yield of two crops in-creases, the production value increases in parabolic manner with decreasing marginal benefit, the cropevapotranspiration increases logarithmically,and the amount of soil water use decreases in parabolic manner.

关 键 词：灌溉制度 轮作农田 农田水量平衡 作物水分生产函数 多目标优化 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]