从“常平仓”到“就业缓冲储备”——中国经济传统的现代价值探论  

From“Ever-balanced Granary”to“Employment Buffer Stock”:An Exploration of the Modern Relevance of Traditional Chinese Economic Theory

作　　者：缐文[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学国际商学院经济学系

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第5期13-23,共11页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB122)

摘　　要：针对粮食实施贱籴贵粜、敛散以时的常平仓法是《管子》"轻重论"的具体应用,体现出中国传统思维的辩证观和中道精神。常平仓的缓冲储备机制在历史实践中被推展至广义,其中将劳动力纳入缓冲籴粜的"以工代赈"是一项重要的制度发明。常平仓稳定原理的现代转换通过凯恩斯的"常平仓方程式"直观地呈现出来,而《通论》的要旨亦在于构建现代意义的广义常平仓:市场对生产要素的"弃"与"取"内生出经济波动,政府的作用即在于借助缓冲籴粜机制与市场形成有效的互补与互动,以保障经济的稳定发展。后凯恩斯主义经济学的"就业缓冲储备"理论深化了这一思想,凸显出"就业"之"常平"对于经济稳定的重要意义。常平仓的古今、中西遥相呼应说明中国的经济传统能够与西方经济学特别是西方非正统经济学展开深入地沟通与对话,这对于重构两者之间的关系,并在此基础上创建"中国特色经济学话语体系"乃至经济学的"中国学派"具有重要的启示。Ever-balanced granary, a practice to purchase grain at a relatively high price and sell at a relatively low price in order to balance promptly the demands and supplies of grain in the market, is a pragmatic application of the＂Weighing Theory＂from Guanzi and a direct manifestation of traditional Chinese thoughts＇ focus on dialectics and the belief in the golden mean. The buffer system in ever- balanced granary practice was applied broadly in history, and its practice to incorporate labor force into the buffer system and to encourage workers to＂work for the dole＂was important institutional creation. The mechanism of ever-balanced granary is modernised through Keynes＇ ＂granary equation,＂and the major concern of Keynes＇ General Theory is to establish a modern-sensed general ever-balanced granary： Market＇s abandonment and adoption of different factors of production will generate from within the disturbances of economy, and the job of the government is to effectively complement and interact with the market through the granary＇s buffer system and to stabilise the development of economy. Post Keynesian economics＇ ＂employment buffer stock＂theory deepens this understanding, foregrounding the significance of ever-balanced employment in stabilising the development of economy. The existence of the concept of＂ever-balanced granary＂in the past and at present and the concept＇s development both in China and the West show that China＇s economic tradition can have profound exchange and dialogue with modern economic theories, especially non-orthodox western economic theories. This can be of great significance to the reconstruction of the relationship between China＇s economic tradition and modern economic theory. Its significance can also be extended to the establishment of a Chinese economic discourse system or even a Chinese school of economics.

关 键 词：常平仓 凯恩斯 常平仓方程式 就业缓冲储备 

分 类 号：F092.2[经济管理—政治经济学]