末代拜占廷军队兵器落后原因研究  

Reasons of the Decline in Late Byzantine Empire's Weapons

作　　者：陈志强[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第5期128-136,共9页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB061)

摘　　要：末代拜占廷军队兵器和军事技术发展几乎停滞,不仅数量少、质量差,而且技术水平低下,其直接原因在于末代帝国放弃本国军队建设,兵员人数少,士气低落,特别是军事思想和战争理念陈旧。由于末代帝国军队缺乏必要的数量基础,因此也难以保障其兵器的质量水平。大量使用乃至最终完全依赖外国雇佣兵既是末代帝国停止发展本国军队的恶果,也是加剧其军事技术全面退化的重要原因。末代拜占廷军队的瓦解从一个侧面反映了拜占廷帝国衰亡的现实,也成为1453年帝国都城君士坦丁堡陷落并导致帝国灭亡的直接原因。衰亡时期的拜占廷军事技术和武器装备极大地落后于同期周边国家的军工发展水平,更落后于新兴的奥斯曼土耳其帝国,最终被后者灭亡。The development of late Byzantine Empire＇s weapons and military technology almost stagnated. The weapons were small in number and poor in quality, manifesting poor manufacturing technology. A direct reason for this was Byzantine Empire＇s abandonment of building its own military forces. Its army was not adequately staffed, and was low in morale, with obsolete ideas in military training and preparation for war. Because its army was inadequately staffed, the quality of its weapons was not guaranteed. Its growing, and finally complete, dependence on foreign mercenaries was a negative result of the empire＇s halted development of its military forces and an important reason for the drastic decay of its military technology. The disintegration of the empire＇s military forces showed the decaying of the empire, and was an immediate cause of the falling of the capital Constantinople in 1453 and the falling of the empire as a whole. The development of Byzantine Empire＇s military technology and weapons in its decaying period failed tremendously to keep up with that of the surrounding countries in the time, especially that of the emerging Ottoman Empire.This finally led to Ottoman Empire＇s conquest of Byzantine Empire.

关 键 词：拜占廷 军事 兵器 衰落 

分 类 号：K134[历史地理—历史学]