精细化水氮运筹对棉花适宜机采性状的调控效果  

Regulating Effects of Fine Management of Irrigation and Nitrogen Split Application on Characters of Machine-harvested Cotton

作　　者：马兴旺[1,2] 杨涛[1,2] 牛新湘[1,2] 龚双凤[1] 索俊宇 陈宝燕 Ma Xing - wang Yang Tao Niu Xin - xiang Gong shuang - feng Suo Jun - yu Chen Bao -yan(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water - saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China National Engineering and Technology Center for Cotton, Urumqi 830091, China Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Center of Midong District ,Xinfiang, Urumqi 831400, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]国家棉花工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆乌鲁木齐市米东区农产品质量安全检测中心,乌鲁木齐831400

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第9期1587-1594,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD09B04;2014BAD11B02);国家自然科学基金项目(41361067);新疆科技支撑项目(201231102);公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目)(KY2013069)~~

摘　　要：【目的】精细化水氮运筹对棉花适宜机采性状的调控效果,为水肥耦合调控棉花机采性状的技术研究提供参考途径。【方法】采用行距66cm＋10cm、株距9.5cm机采棉种植模式,在施氮量和灌溉定额相同基础上,将生育期各次追氮量和灌水量分别设计为3个方案,完全组合成9个水氮运筹处理,研究机采棉机采性状差异。【结果】各处理间株高、株宽均有差别,株高差异不显著,有些处理间株宽差异达显著;棉花始果枝节位高都在18cm以上,其中仅3个高产处理在21.5~19.2cm;处理间棉花内外围铃比例差别大,内围铃比例远大于外围铃;处理间下中上部棉铃比例有明显差异,其中高产处理的下中上部棉铃分别为35%、40%和25%,是较理想高产和适宜机采的棉铃垂直分布。【结论】生育期不同的精细化水氮运筹方案,可以对机采棉收获时的株高、株宽、始果枝节位高、果枝台数、棉铃内外围铃分布、棉铃垂直分布等性状产生影响,对机采棉株宽、始果枝节位高、棉铃内外围铃分布和棉铃垂直分布等机采性状的调控效果最明显,在棉花生育期实行精细化水氮运筹,不仅能调控一些棉花性状达到采棉机收获要求,同时还能实现高产。[ Objective ] Cotton picker has particular requirements on individual and collective characteris- tics of cotton. This project aims to provide reference wyas for the regulation of water and fertilizer coupling technology of cotton machine production traits. [ Method ] In the same total nitrogen application rate and top-dressing nitrogen amount,the cotton planting mode of spacing （66 cm ＋ 10 cm） and row spacing of 9.5 cm was conducted. 3 nitrogen solutions and 3 irrigation schemes were completely assembled into nine water - ni- trogen management treatment on the basis of the amount of nitrogen topdressing designed for three schemes and 12 times irrigation water of complete irrigation quota designed for three schemes in the whole growth periods. [ Result ] The plant height and plant width of all the treatments had differences, but plant height difference was not significant while plant width reached significant difference between some treatments ; The height of the first fruit branch of all the treatments was over 18 crn, the height of three high - yielding treatments was 21.5 - 19.2 cm, while the height of other treatments was not more than 19 cm; The fruit branch number was 6.3 - 9.1, the fruit branch number of the high - yielding treatments was higher within the rage of 8.1 - 9.1 cm and there were significant differences between other treatments ; The proportion of inner and outside bolls had much difference and the proportion of inner bolls was greater than outside bells; The proportion of lower, middle and upper part of cotton boils had obvious difference among different treatments and the proportion of lower, middle and upper part of high - yielding cotton bolls was 35%, 40% and 25% respectively, and it was the much ide- al boll vertical distribution situation of high - yielding and suitable machine - harvested cotton. [ Conclusion ] The different schemes of fine management of water and nitrogen in cotton growth periods had different degree of influences on the traits of plant height, plant width, the f

关 键 词：水肥耦合 水氮运筹 机采棉 膜下滴灌 精准施肥 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S562[农业科学—农业基础科学]