柴窝堡湖湿地植物群落结构的变化研究  

Researches on the Change of Chaiwopu Lake Wetland Plant Community Structure

作　　者：张卫东[1,2] 安沙舟[1] 张勇娟 荀其蕾 ZHANG Wei - dong AN Sha - zhou ZHANG Yong - juan XUN Qi - lei(College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China The Animal, Aquaculture and Grassland Station of Urumqi City, Urumqi 830063, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]乌鲁木齐市畜牧水产草原站,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第9期1734-1742,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室开放课题(XJDX0209-2007-02)~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究柴窝堡湖周边湿地植被群落结构的变化规律,为柴窝堡湖的建设、可持续利用及草地植被的恢复等提供理论基础和参考。【方法】采用样方法,调查群落的高度、盖度、密度、生物量等,并计算植物群落的重要值,据此作为α多样性指数的测度指标。【结果】与1982年相比,2013年各样地的物种数呈现降低的趋势,物种多样性得到增加,平时降低3.5种。原有的建群种退至次要地位,原属伴生或偶见种逐步增多成为主要成分。湖面缩减,露出的湖底变成盐碱地,出现了新的耐盐碱植物。【结论】干旱使柴窝堡湖周边湿地植物群落物种趋于单一,耐旱植物占据优势地位;盐渍化造成竞争释放,改变了群落的整体结构,使柴窝堡湖周边湿地群落的高度降低,群落中优势种削弱。[ Objective ] This paper focuses on the change study the rules of its community structure change which might work, such as construction, sustainable utilization and grasslan around Chaiwopu Lake wetland grassland and play an important role in some basic research d vegetation recovery of Chaiwopu Lake in the hope of providing theoretical basis and the reference suggestion for these basic research work. [ Method ] Survey the density, height, coverage, density and biomass of sample area, and calculate the important value of plant community. These were used as a measure index of alpha （et） diversity index. [ Result] Compared with data in 2013 and 1982, the number of species showed a downward trend, average decrease of 3.5 kinds, but species diversity of plant community increased. The original constructive species retreated to a secondary posi- tion, the original is associated or occasional species gradually increased as main ingredients. Lake shrank, re- vealing that the exposed lake turned into saline and alkaline land, on which new salt tolerant plants have e- merged. [ Conclusion ] The number of species tended to be more simple in the plant community because of drought and drought tolerant plants have occupied the dominant position. Stalinization caused the release of competition, which changed the overall structure of the community in Chaiwopu Lake, reducing the height of wetland communities around the lake, thus the dominant species becoming weakening.

关 键 词：柴窝堡湖 植物群落结构 变化 多样性指数 湿地 

分 类 号：S184[农业科学—农业基础科学]