不同信息框架下军校学员特质焦虑及人格特征对风险决策的影响  

Effects of trait anxiety and personality characteristics on risk decision making under different frames of information

作　　者：王磊[1,2] 张晶轩[1] 杨国愉[1] 杨梦滔 吴高杰[1,2] 王皖曦 赵梦雪[1] 王立菲[1] 杨春丽[1] 王菲菲[1] 徐文佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学心理学院军人发展与教育心理学教研室,重庆400038 [2]第三军医大学学员旅十三营,重庆400038

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2016年第20期2236-2239,共4页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：全军后勤科研"十二五"计划重大项目(AWS13J003);国家社会科学基金(11XSH016);军队心理卫生应用性科研课题(12XLZ219);重庆市研究生教育教学改革研究项目(yjg153027);高等学校大学生创新训练项目(201590031030)~~

摘　　要：目的探讨不同信息框架下军校学员特质焦虑及人格特征对风险决策的影响。方法采用自编的风险决策问卷、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI),对某军校403名学员进行团体心理测评,分析不同信息框架下风险决策的差异。结果 1正性信息框架下32.18%的被试倾向于保守,67.82%的被试倾向于冒险;负性信息框架下20.63%的被试倾向于保守,79.37%的被试倾向于冒险,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性在负性信息框架下80.71%的被试倾向冒险,而在正性信息框架下仅有67.55%的被试倾向冒险,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女性两组之间决策差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。2正性信息框架下,高神经质的被试24.19%倾向于保守方案,75.81%倾向于冒险;低神经质的被试有46.00%倾向于保守,54.00%的被试倾向于冒险,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。负性信息框架下,两组间比较,决策差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05);无论正性还是负性信息框架,内外向人格的风险决策差异均没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论负面框架下军校学员个体更倾向于冒险决策,正性信息框架下高神经质人群倾向于冒险决策。Objective To investigate the effects of trait anxiety and personality characteristics on risk decision making under different frames of information. Methods A self-designed risk decision questionnaire, Eysenck personality questionnaire （EPQ） and the state-trait anxiety inventory （STAI） were surveyed in 403 subjects from a military university. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups, the positive frame group （n = 202） and the negative frame group （n = 189 ）, through the cluster sampling. A Chi-square test was conducted between the 2 groups for statistical analysis. Results （1） Under positive information frame, 32. 18% of the subjects tended to be conservative and 67. 82% of them were prone to be risky. Under negative information frame, the percentage of being conservative and risky were 20.63% and 79.37%. The difference between the 2 information frames was statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Under negative information frame,80.71% of men chose to take risks, but it dropped to 67. 55% under positive frame information. The decision change under the 2 information frames was significantly different in men （P 〈 0.05）,but not in women. （2）Under positive information frame, 24.19% of high neurotic subjects were conservative, while 75.81% of them were risky. For low neurotic subjects, the percentage were 46.00% and 54.00%. The difference in decision making under different information frames were significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Under negative information frame, there was no significant difference between the high and low neurotic groups. Moreover, in either frame, no significant difference in decision making was found between the introverted and extroverted personalities. Conclusion Under negative information frame, the military individuals are more likely to take risks. Under positive information frame, subjects with high neurotic personality are more related to risk decision making behavior.

关 键 词：信息框架 特质焦虑 人格特征 风险决策 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学] R749.72[医药卫生—医学心理学]