动物和植物远缘杂交比较研究  

A comparative study of distant hybridization in plants and animals

作　　者：陈婕[1] 罗觅[1] 陶敏[1] 段巍[1] 张纯[1] 覃钦博[1] 肖军[1] 刘少军[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,教育部蛋白质化学与鱼类发育生物学重点实验室,长沙410081

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2016年第10期1139-1161,共23页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31430088,31210103918,91331105);国家高技术研究发展计划(批准号:2011AA100403);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(批准号:20114306130001);湖南省“生物发育工程及新产品研发协同创新中心”项目(批准号:20134486);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(批准号:14B115);发育生物学国家重点学科、发育生物学湖南省重点学科建设项目资助

摘　　要：远缘杂交是指不同物种之间的杂交,它可以是种间、属间甚至亲缘关系更远的物种之间杂交.远缘杂交可以把属于不同种、属等远缘遗传关系的不同个体的生物特性结合起来,突破种间界限,扩大遗传变异,是创制具有遗传变异、可育、优良性状的新品系乃至新种群的重要方法.本文在分析和归纳大量国内外有关动物和植物远缘杂交文献的基础上,结合本实验室长期从事鱼类远缘杂交的研究结果,在对动物和植物远缘杂交实验的具体例子进行描述和分析的基础上,比较和总结了动、植物中远缘杂交形成不同倍性生物后代的主要生物学特性;概述了动物和植物远缘杂交的相似性和差异性;分析和归纳了导致动物和植物远缘杂交形成存活和不存活后代的可能原因;还对动物和植物远缘杂交后代的形态学、细胞学和分子细胞遗传学等生物学特性研究的方法进行了介绍.旨在为系统地比较动物和植物远缘杂交的遗传、繁殖、生长性状等生物学特性提供较系统的研究资料,以阐明它们在遗传育种和生物进化方面的共性作用及重要意义.Distant hybridization refers to crosses between two different species, genera or higher-ranking taxa that can break species limit, increase genetic variation and combine the biological characteristics of existing species. It is a significant way to create genetic variation, fertile and excellent characters of new strains and even new populations. Combining the analyses and summaries of many interrelated documents in plants and animals both domestically and abroad with the abundant concrete examples and the long-standing research on fish distant hybridization in our laboratory, we summarize and compare the similarities and differences in plant and animal distant hybridization; analyze and review the biological characteristics of their different ploidy progenies and the possible causes for the disparity in survival rates; present some research methods to study the biological characteristics of hybrids on morphology, cytology, molecular cytogenetics and so on. This paper aims to provide more comprehensive research materials and systematically compare the general and specific characters between plant and animal hybrids on reproduction, genetics, growth traits and other biological characteristics. This paper may have great theoretical and practical significance for studies on genetic breeding and biological evolution of plant and animal distant hybridization.

关 键 词：动物和植物 远缘杂交 生殖隔离 不同倍性 品系 

分 类 号：Q32[生物学—遗传学]