中国生态环境状况与生态文明建设  

The ecological environment conditions and construction of an ecological civilization in China

作　　者：赵其国[1] 黄国勤[2] 马艳芹[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌330045

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第19期6328-6335,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1033004)

摘　　要：生态环境是人类生存和发展的主要物质来源,它承受着人类活动产生的废弃物和各种作用结果。良好的生态环境是人类发展最重要的前提,同时也是人类赖以生存、社会得以安定的基本条件。但目前全国生态环境问题日趋严峻,虽然当前环境状况在局部改善,但总体在恶化,治理速度远远赶不上破坏速度,生态环境破坏的程度在加剧,环境污染在加重,环境污染和破坏带来的危害也日趋明显,生态赤字逐渐扩大。生态文明是一种重视生态环境、重视环境保护的意识、价值观和文化,这意味着要解决当前日趋严峻的生态环境问题,进行生态文明建设是必要的。同时,我国经济的发展、科技的进步、法律法规的完善及社会环境保护意识的提高等使生态文明建设具有了可行性。因此,需要通过优化国土空间开发格局、调整能源利用结构、全面促进资源节约、加强生态文明制度建设、不断加强生态环境保护、转变经济增长方式等方面加强生态文明建设,为解决当前环境问题提供有效途径。The ecological environment is the main source of human survival and development, and also bears the waste and results of various human activities. A healthy ecological environment is the most important prerequisite not only for human development, but also for human survival and social stability. Currently, however, China is experiencing worsening environmental problems. While the situation seems to be improving at the local scale, the overall speed of deterioration far outpaces the rate of damage control, and the ecological damage is increasing. The ecological deficit is gradually expanding, and the harm caused by environmental pollution and destruction is becoming increasingly obvious. An ecological civilization is composed of a population and culture that value the ecological environment and make an effort to protect it. Therefore, building an ecological civilization is necessary for solving the increasingly serious environmental problems. In China, science, technology, laws, and regulations are being updated, and environmental awareness is being promoted, indicating that it is possible to construct an ecological civilization here. We need to optimize the spatial patterns of land development, adjust the energy structure, promote resource conservation, strengthen the construction system of ecological civilization, promote ecological and environmental protection, and strengthen the transformation of the mode of economic growth in order to effectively solve current environmental issues.

关 键 词：生态环境 问题 生态文明 建设 中国 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]