高原湿地纳帕海土壤持水力对不同放牧的响应  

The Response of Soil Water-holding Capacity to Different Livestock Patterns in Plateau Napahai Wetland

作　　者：陈广磊[1,2] 田昆[2] 王行[2] 张贇[2] 孙梅[2] 刘振亚[2] 张晓宁[2] 肖德荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学国家高原湿地研究中心,昆明650224

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第4期123-129,141,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31370497;31500409);云南社会发展专项(2010CA010)

摘　　要：选择滇西北高原纳帕海湿地作为研究对象,对生物践踏型(牛、羊践踏)与生物扰动型(藏香猪翻拱)放牧作用下的湿地土壤持水力特征进行对比研究。结果表明:(1)不同放牧方式显著影响湿地土壤理化性质以及土壤持水力。牛羊践踏型放牧下的土壤有机质、总孔隙度、自然含水量以及最大持水量、有机质均显著(P<0.05)高于扰动型放牧,而践踏型放牧下的土壤容重显著(P<0.05)低于扰动型放牧;(2)不同研究区域,土壤持水力对放牧的响应不同。布伦放牧区土壤最大持水力在2种放牧方式下的差异不显著(P>0.05),而哈木古和伊拉放牧区的土壤最大持水力在2种放牧方式下均有显著差异(P<0.05);(3)不同季节,土壤持水力指标对放牧的响应程度亦不相同。在旱季,土壤持水力在2种放牧方式下的差异性较雨季更为显著(P<0.01)。研究表明,湿地土壤水源涵养功能与放牧方式、放牧季节和放牧区域有关。基于湿地水源涵养功能的保护,应取缔土壤扰动型放牧,有效调控践踏型放牧的强度并减少旱季放牧。Plateau wetlands play crucial roles in soil water conservation. The study on the effects ot different livestock farming patterns on soil water conservation has great implications. This paper focuses on water- holding capacities of wetland soils disturbed by trampling （cattle and sheep） and digging （pig） in a typical plateau wetland, Napahai. The results showed that： （1） Livestock farming affected soil physiochemical properties and soil water-holding capacity. Digging by pigs significantly （P〈0.05） decreased soil organic matter, total porosity, natural water content and maximum water-holding capacity, while it significantly （P〈0.05） increased soil bulk density when compared to trampling. （2） Different study regions showed divergent responses to livestock farming. In Bulun, soil water conservation indices were not significantly （P〉0.05） different between digging and trampling. However, in Hamugu and Yila, the differences were significant （P〈0.05）. （3） For soil samples collected in different seasons, their responses to livestock farming were also different. In the dry season, the differences between digging and trampling for measured soil water conservation indices were more significant （P〈0.01） than those in the rainy season. Overall, soil water conservation indices were closely related to livestock farming patterns, and their responses largely depended on different study regions and sampling seasons. Aimed for soil water conservation and protection in wetlands, it is strongly recommended to eliminate livestock farming by pig digging, regulate farming intensities by cattle and sheep trampling, and reduce livestock farming in the dry season.

关 键 词：滇西北高原 湿地 纳帕海 土壤持水力 放牧 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]