免耕留茬覆盖对旱作燕麦土壤养分及微生物量的影响  

Effects of No-tillage with Mulching on Soil Nutrient Content and Microbial Biomass in Oat Field

作　　者：王润莲[1] 张志栋[2,3] 刘景辉[2] 刘慧军 刘金泉[1] 武俊英[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,土默特右旗014109 [2]内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特010019 [3]内蒙古自治区发展研究中心,呼和浩特010098 [4]内蒙古翁牛特旗农业技术推广站,翁牛特旗024500

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第4期183-187,193,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2014BS0325);国家自然科学基金项目(30860135);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-08);国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系项目

摘　　要：以旱作燕麦田为试验对象,设置免耕高留茬高覆盖、免耕低留茬高覆盖、免耕高留茬低覆盖、免耕低留茬低覆盖和常规耕作5个处理,研究了免耕留茬覆盖对土壤养分、微生物量及燕麦产量的影响。结果表明,免耕留茬覆盖各处理均能明显提高土壤0—10cm和10—20cm土层中土壤有机质、全量养分及速效养分含量,0—10cm土层各土壤养分含量均高于10—20cm土层;免耕留茬覆盖对土壤微生物碳、氮具有显著的提高作用,整个生育期抽穗期达到最大值,0—10cm土层土壤微生物量碳、氮均大于10—20cm土层,其中免耕高留茬高覆盖处理效果最佳;免耕留茬覆盖对0—10cm和10—20cm土壤微生物商有显著提高作用,免耕留茬覆盖处理间差异不显著;免耕留茬覆盖对燕麦产量影响显著,其中高留茬高覆盖处理产量最高,为2 111.4kg/hm^2,较常规耕作增产18.6%,产量总体表现为免耕高留茬高覆盖>免耕低留茬高覆盖>免耕高留茬低覆盖>免耕低留茬低覆盖>常规耕作。Effects of no-tillage with mulching on soil nutrient content, soil microbial biomass and oat yield in oat field under 5 treatments （high straw mulch combining with high stubble, high straw mulch combining with low stubble, low straw mulch combining with high stubble, low straw mulch combining with low stubble, conventional tillage） were studied. The results showed that no-tillage with different mulching methods could improve obviously the contents of soil organic matter, total nutrients and available nutrients in 0--10 cm and 10--20 cm soil layer. Soil nutrient content in 0--10 cm soil layer was higher than that in 0--20 cm soil layer. No-tillage with mulching could improve soil microbial biomass C and N obviously, and the values were the highest in heading period. Soil microbial biomass C and N in 0--10 cm soil layer were higher than those in 0--20 cm soil layer. The effect of high straw mulch combining with high stubble was the best. No-tillage with mulching could improve soil microbial quotient in 0--10 cm and 10--20 cm soil layer, with no difference among the treatments of no-tillage. No-tillage with mulching could improve oat yield. The yield of high straw mulch combining with high stubble was the highest, which was 2 111. 74 kg/hm^2 and increased by 18.6%, compared to conventional tillage. The yield listed in the following order = high straw mulch combining with high stubble〉high straw mulch combining with low stubble〉low straw mulch combining with high stubble〉 low straw mulch combining with low stubble〉conventional tillage.

关 键 词：免耕 留茬覆盖 土壤养分 土壤微生物量 燕麦产量 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学] S158