永磁体钢球串多级碰撞演示实验  

Multistage colliding demonstration experiment

作　　者：秦联华[1] 路峻岭[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学物理系,北京100084

出　　处：《物理实验》2016年第10期15-16,22,共3页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：教育部基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划项目(No.20160204)

摘　　要：由1个永磁体圆柱和几个等质量钢球非对称排列构成的组合体形成了沿轴向非对称的磁势阱,邻近永磁体的一侧势阱深且陡,邻近钢球的一侧势阱浅且缓,当1个钢球从邻近永磁体的一侧慢慢滚向永磁体时,它就掉进了磁势阱中,磁势能变成动能而被加速.当它接近永磁体时,它就以很大的速度撞向永磁体,如果在槽形轨道中间断地放置多个这样的永磁体圆柱钢球组合体,当1个钢球掉进1个磁势阱后,就会激发一系列的碰撞过程,最后1个钢球将飞快地从另一侧射出.A permanent magnetic cylinder and several steel balls were combined to form an assembly,which was a nonsymmetrical magnetic dipole.Its magnetic field formed magnetic potential well on both ends,a deep and sharp well near the permanent magnet,and a shallow and gentle well near the steel ball.The assembly was also like a string of 5steel balls.When a steel ball rolls towards the permanent magnetic cylinder slowly,it would run into the deep well,the potential energy turned into kinetic energy,the steel ball would rush at the cylinder,while the steel ball near the shallow well would be popped out at a faster speed.If several assemblies were placed separately in a groove,when a steel ball rolled towards the rightmost permanent magnetic cylinder and collided with the permanent magnetic cylinder,a series of collision would happen and the leftmost steel ball would be popped out at a very fast speed.

关 键 词：永磁体 磁势阱 弹性碰撞 

分 类 号：O313.4[理学—一般力学与力学基础]