三峡库区自然资本与生态功能动态变化研究  

Research on Dynamic Change of Natural Capital and Ecological Function of Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：李桂媛[1,2] 杨凡星 程丽媛[2] 凌志常 

机构地区：[1]鄂西山地城镇建设与发展三峡大学协同创新中心,湖北宜昌443000 [2]三峡大学土木与建筑学院,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《资源开发与市场》2016年第11期1323-1328,F0004,共7页Resource Development & Market

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目(编号:12YJA760029);三峡大学科研创新基金项目(编号:2015CX027)

摘　　要：应用生态足迹模型测算三峡库区整体及各区县生态足迹及生态效率,利用人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力、人均生态盈余/赤字、生态效率等四个指标从时间演变和空间差异两个层面,基于2003—2015年三峡库区自然资本状态数据,对比分析了该区域自然资本与生态功能的演变特征及空间格局。结果显示:1基于时间序列分析,2003—2015年库区自然资源消耗逐年增长,人均增幅为21.4%,且耕地和化石能源地需求尤为明显,约占总足迹的95%左右,库区一直处于生态赤字状态,且呈逐渐恶化的趋势。库区生态效率提高近5.76倍,2013年后增速放缓,表明随着三峡库区作为长江流域生态涵养功能区,其核心任务是以生态保护促进生态建设,以生态建设促进转型发展。2基于空间序列分析,三个时段的库区各区县自然资本生态足迹和生态效率存在明显差异。各区县生态承载力和生态盈余/赤字呈现"沿江低—内陆高",生态足迹和生态效率呈现"首尾高、中部低"的空间格局,表明随着长江经济带、成渝城市群、长江中游城市群的建设,三峡库区的区域枢纽作用及区域间的生态涵养效应进一步凸显。基于此,三峡库区应构建以"宜昌、万州和重庆"经济增长极和以"巫溪、武隆"为生态涵养的"沿江—内陆"区县空间体系,推动区域经济发展联动、生态保护联动、人居环境建设联动;有效依托长江黄金水道战略,促进三峡库区经济—生态协同发展。Using ecological footprint model to calculate the ecological footprint and ecological efficiency of the whole Three Gorges Reservoir Area, using the per capita ecological footprint, per capita ecological carrying capacity, the per capita ecological surplus and deficit and ecological effi- ciency of the four indicators, from the two aspects of time evolution and space difference, based on the 2003 - 2015 natural capital status data, this pa- per contrasted to analyze the evolution characteristics and spatial pattern of natural capital and ecological function in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The results showed： O The natural resources consumption in the reservoir area of 2003- 2015 was increasing year by year, per capita increased 21.4 %. And the demand for arable land and fossil energy accounted for about 95 % of the total footprint. What＇s more, the reservoir area was in a state of ecological deficit, and showed a trend of gradual deterioration. In the past 12 years, the ecological efficiency of the reservoir area increased by nearly 5.76 times, slowed down after 2013. （~）Between the three time periods, especially in 2015, there were obvious differences in the ecological foot- print and ecological efficiency of natural capital in each district and county. The ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus/deficit of the dis- tricts and counties were presented the spatial pattern of ＂along the river low inland high＂, and the ecological footprint and ecological efficiency showed the spatial pattern of ＂High end, Middle low＂. The results showed that with the construction of Changjiang River Economic Belt, Chengdu - Chongqing city group, the construction of the Changjiang River City Group, the regional hub of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the effect of ecological con- servation in the region were highlighted.

关 键 词：三峡库区 自然资本 生态功能 生态足迹 生态效率 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]