不同来源猕猴桃雄株花粉特性遗传差异及聚类分析  

Genetic differences and cluster analysis of pollens from different male kiwifruit germplasm resources

作　　者：齐秀娟[1] 徐善坤[1] 钟云鹏[1] 陈锦永[1] 林苗苗[1] 孙雷明[1] 方金豹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所.中国农业科学院果树生长发育与品质控制重点开放实验室,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第10期1194-1205,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项经费(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-ZFRI);河南省现代农业产业技术体系(S2014-11)

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同来源猕猴桃雄株花粉特性遗传差异。【方法】以美味猕猴桃(Actinidia diliciosa)杂交F1代、中华猕猴桃(A.chinensis)‘琼浆’种子航天搭载实生后代等不同来源的100份猕猴桃雄性单株为研究对象,探讨其花粉粒大小、花粉量及其萌发特性等遗传差异。【结果】美味猕猴桃花药数变异系数大于中华猕猴桃,单药花粉量变异系数小于中华猕猴桃;美味猕猴桃种内同一杂交组合的F1代,除了单花花粉量以外,其他几个性状变异系数都大于不同来源的美味猕猴桃单株;中华猕猴桃种内同一个品种‘琼浆’种子航天搭载的实生后代除了花粉粒直径以外,其他几个性状变异系数均小于不同来源的单株。对上述各项因子分别进行聚类分析,美味猕猴桃花药数明显多于中华猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃;单花花粉量、萌发率、花粉管长度在中等以上分类中美味猕猴桃占绝对数量;筛选出7株花粉萌发率高且花粉管生长速度快的优株,暗培养3 h平均花粉萌发率73.93%,平均花粉管长度408.49μm。【结论】明确了不同来源猕猴桃雄性单株花粉特性的遗传差异,可以为雄性品种选育及开发利用提供科学依据。[Objective] Most cultivated species of kiwifruit （Actinidia Lindl.） were functional dioecy. Fruit setting, fruit size, flesh color and fruit production mostly depended on whether the flowers were fully polli- nated. Selection of male strains with abundant pollens strong germination rate was the primary premise of successful commercial orchard. Most domestic kiwifruit breeding research focuse on female plant screen- ing. Little attention has been paid on selecting superior male strains for improving commercial quality of fruits and characteristics of descendants. So far, more than one hundred female cultivated species and strains have been reported and published. However, there are only a few of accompanying male strains be- ing in use such as ＇Tomuri＇ ＇ Matua＇, and ＇ Moshan 4＇. Meanwhile, with the development of mechanical pollination of kiwifruit, excellent male strains are urgently needed in the mass production of kiwifruit for cutting labor costs. [Methods]To verify the genetic differences of pollens from different male strains, varia- tion analysis of the pollen size, pollen quantity and germination characteristics were carried out on 100 ki- wifruit male strains. They were FI progenies of Actinidia diliciosa （＇Xuxiang＇ x ＇Taihangxiongying 2＇, ＇ Hayward＇ x ＇Taihangxiongying＇, ＇ Mibao＇ x ＇Taihangxiongying＇ and ＇ Miliang 1＇ x ＇Taihangxiongy- ing＇） plants generated from the seeds of ＇Qiongjiang＇ （A. chinensis） treated with space radiation and plants developed from the wild seeds of A. chinensis, respectively. Experimental materials were all collect- ed from germplasm resources nursery of Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricul- tural Sciences and included one hundred male seedling strains obtained in 2006 and top grafting male strains collected from different places in 2010. And all pollens were collected in the same year. Among all the experimental materials, individual plants of F1 progenies accounted for 55%, seedlings of �

关 键 词：猕猴桃 花粉量 萌发率 花粉管长度 遗传差异 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]