不同杀菌剂对苹果果实疫腐病的防治效果  

Effects of several fungicides on controlling apple Phytophthora rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum

作　　者：刘芳[1] 李保华[1] 刘家生[1] 董向丽[1] 王彩霞[1] 梁文星[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院.山东省植物病虫害综合防控重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第10期1269-1276,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28);山东省泰山学者建设工程专项

摘　　要：【目的】筛选防治苹果疫腐病的有效杀菌剂。【方法】采用先施药后接种和先接种后施药的方法,在室内离体‘富士’苹果果实上测试了13种杀菌剂保护果实免受疫腐病菌侵染的保护效果和抑制病菌在果实内生长扩展的内吸治疗效果。【结果】所测试的13种杀菌剂都能有效保护果实防止疫腐病菌侵染,保护效果达100%;其中,氟菌·霜霉威、噁霜·锰锌、烯酰吗啉、氰霜唑、吡唑醚菌酯、双炔酰菌胺和霜脲·锰锌7种杀菌剂的保护效果可维持10 d以上,其余6种药剂的保护效果可维持5 d以上;当疫腐病菌侵入果实后,13种杀菌剂都不能有效抑制病菌的生长扩展,防止果实发病,没有内吸治疗效果。【结论】所测试的13种杀菌剂在病菌侵染之前喷施都能有效阻止病菌侵染,持效期不短于5 d,在病菌侵染之后施用则都不能有效抑制病菌扩展致病。[ Objective ] Apple Phytophthora rot, caused by Phytophthora cactorum （Leb. et Cohn.） Schrot, is an important disease on apple fruit in China. The disease caused fruit decays, reduced the yield and re- duced the income of apple orchards. In order to screen effective fungicides, protective and systematic ef- fects of 13 fungicides on controlling apple Phytophthora rot were tested on detached fruits by applying the fungicides before and after inoculated with zoospore suspension of P. cactorum. [ Methods ]The pathogen of P. cactorum was isolated with CA mediums from Phytophthora rot fruits, sampled from an orchard in Jincheng town, Laizhou city, Shandong province in July, 2013. Mycelia of the isolates were cultured in V8 mediums for 3-4 days, in Vs liquid mediums for 3 days and in sterilized water for 2 days to induce zoospo- rangia. Zoospore suspension was made by placed the zoosporangia in 4 ~C for 1-2 hours. Fresh ＇Fuji＇ ap- ple fruits, sampled from July to October from an orchard never applying fungicides in the growth season, were used for the fungicide test. For the protective effects, fungicides with the recommended dosages by the manufactorys were sprayed to fresh apple fruits with a hand sprayer. At the time of 1, 3, 5 and 10 days after applying fungicides, the fruits were taken out and inoculated by spaying zoospore suspension. The in- oculated fruits were immediately put into several boxes with saturated humidity （RH= 100%）. The boxes were sealed and transferred into an incubator with temperature set to 25 ℃. Three fruits were inoculated for each fungicide at each time. Lesion number was recorded after the fruits showed symptoms. For system- atic effects, the fruits were firstly inoculated by spraying zoospore suspension, then put into boxes with sat-urated humidity and incubated at 25 ℃ for 24 and 72 hours. The fruits were taken out and sprayed with fungicide and then put back to the boxes for further incubations. Three fruits were sprayed for each fungi- cide at each time. The percentage

关 键 词：苹果疫腐病 保护作用 内吸治疗 持效期 施药适期 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]