氮肥配施调控剂对麦田土壤N_2O排放及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on soil N_2O emission and nitrogen use in wheat field

作　　者：舒晓晓 李迎春[2] 王艳群[1] 魏珊珊[1] 石新丽[1] 王朝东[1] 彭正萍[1] 王燕 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071001 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]安新县农业局,河北保定071600

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2016年第5期30-36,56,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD11B);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB955904);国家自然科学基金项目(41105115);河北农业大学青年学术带头人项目;河北省自然科学基金项目(C2016204078)资助

摘　　要：针对目前农田氮肥用量大,造成氮素利用率低,增加土壤N_2O排放等问题。本试验采用田间试验法研究了不同氮肥调控模式对麦田土壤N_2O排放、氮素利用和表现损失、作物产量的影响。结果表明:土壤N_2O排放主要集中在播种-苗期和返青-拔节期,N_2O排放通量与土壤湿度呈极显著指数相关。与推荐减氮处理(RN)相比,施用锌腐酸尿素(RN+HA+Zn)和有机无机配施处理(OM+N)N_2O排放总量分别降低24.8%、35.4%;氮素利用效率分别提高0.7%,32.8%;氮素表观损失分别减少2.2%,63.4%;分别增产9.4%,11%且差异达显著水平。与RN+HA+Zn相比,OM+N处理的N_2O排放总量降低14.2%,氮肥生产效率和农学效率分别增加20.2kg/kg,9.9kgGrain/kgN,氮肥利用率提高32.1个百分点,土壤残留氮素和氮素表观损失分别减少27.5%和62.6%,籽粒产量略有上升但二者间无显著差异。说明OM+N处理可以减少N_2O排放,提高氮素利用率、增加小麦产量,是利于麦田安全生产的一种氮素调控模式。Excessive nitrogen（N）application rate leads to lower nitrogen use efficiency and higher soil N_2O emissions.Effects of different N application modes on soil N_2O emission,N use,N apparent loss and crop yield were studied under the field conditions.The results showed that soil N_2O emissions were mainly concentrated in the wheat growth stages from sowing to seedling and from greening to jointing.N_2O emission flux and soil moisture showed a significant exponential correlation.Compared with the recommended treatment N（RN）,the totalN_2O emissions of humic acid urea with zinc（RN＋HA＋Zn）and organic-inorganic mix fertilizers（OM＋N）were significantly decreased by 24.8% and 35.4%;N use efficiency were increased by 0.7% and 32.8%;N apparent loss decreased by 2.2% and 63.4%;the crop yield increased by 9.4%and 11.1%,and the difference reached significant level.Compared with the treatment of RN＋HA＋Zn,total N_2O emission in OM＋N treatment was reduced by 14.2%;N fertilizer production efficiency and agronomic efficiency increased by 20.2kg/kg and 9.9kggrain/kgN;N use efficiency enhaned by 32.1;soil residual N decreased about 27.5% and apparent N loss reduced by 62.6%.However,the yield rose slightly but had no significant difference between two treatments.Considering the environmental and yield effects,OM＋N treatment can reduce N_2O emission and improve the utilization ratio of nitrogen and increase the yield.It is beneficial to the safe production of wheat in the field of safe production.

关 键 词：氮肥调控模式 麦田 N2O排放 氮素利用 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S513