黄河下游浅型山区和引黄水库水环境健康风险评价  

Risk assessment of water environmental health for shallow mountainous and Yellow River reservoirs in lower reaches of Yellow River

作　　者：侯伟 孙韶华 李桂芳 李伟 贾瑞宝 

机构地区：[1]山东省城市供排水水质监测中心,山东济南250021

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2016年第4期31-37,共7页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07404-003);国家科技惠民工程(2013GS370202);山东省泰山学者建设工程专项(ts200640025);山东省自然科学基金项目(BS2014HZ018;ZR2014CP019)

摘　　要：为研究黄河下游山区和引黄水库水质状况及潜在的健康风险,确定主要污染物及治理的优先顺序,采用美国环境保护署推荐的水环境健康风险评价模型,对5座典型水源水中有毒污染物通过饮水途径引起的水环境健康风险进行了评价。结果表明:各水库基因毒物质的平均浓度范围分别为Cd:0.25×10^(-3)~1.6×10^(-3)mg/L、As:0.24~3.5×10^(-3)mg/L、Cr(Ⅵ):0.0020~0.0170 mg/L;躯体毒物质浓度较低。5座水库中基因毒物质由饮水途径所致健康危害的个人年风险大小排序均为Cr(Ⅵ)>Cd>As,躯体毒物质的个人年风险按大小排序为Pb>NH_4^+>Hg>CN^(-1)>挥发酚,前组水平远大于后组。5座水库各污染物所致个人年总风险基本大于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受值5×10^(-5)a^(-1),其中以卧虎山和玉清水库污染最严重,各类污染物所致健康危害的个人年总风险基本在10^(-4)a^(-1)水平;Cr(Ⅵ)是5座水库的优先控制污染物。The paper employed the risk assessment model of water environmental health of US EPA in order to study the potential health risks, situation of water quality in the lower reaches of Yellow River and reservoir, and determine the main pollutants and priority order of governance. It evaluated the health risks of water environment caused by the drinking water of 5 typical water sources and clarify priority control of pollutants. The results indicated that the concentrations of the genomic carcinogens in reservoirs are 2.5 × 10^-4 ～ 1.6 × 10^-3 mg/L for cadmium （Cd）, 2.4 × 10^-4 ～ 3.5× 10^-3 mg/L for arsenic （As）, 0. 0020 -0.0170 mg/L for six chromium （Cr（VI） ）, while concentrations of physical health hazards are generally lower. Water quality in the health hazards caused by genotoxic risk of the individual in descending order for the hexavalent were Cr（ WI ） 〉 Cd 〉 As, while physical health hazards caused by toxic substances in the risk of individuals descending order of Pb 〉 NH4＋ 〉 Hg 〉 CN -1〉 volatile phenol. The health risks caused by the carcinogens in drinking water are generally greater than the maximum allowance levels recommended by International Agency for Research on Cancer （ICRP, 5 × 10^-5 a^-1）. The largest health risks are found in Wohushan and Yuqing reservoirs, where health risk levels were almost at 10^-4 a^-1. Six chromium is the pollutant of priority control in the five reservoirs.

关 键 词：山区水库 引黄水库 健康风险评价模型 有毒污染物 人体健康 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]