南京市机动车排放VOCs的污染特征与健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of VOCs from vehicle exhaust in Nanjing, China

作　　者：张启钧[1] 吴琳[1] 刘明月[1] 方小珍[1] 张静 毛洪钧[1] 邵敏[2] 陆思华[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,城市交通污染防治研究中心,天津300071 [2]北京大学环境学院,北京大学环境模拟与污染控制重点联合实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2016年第10期3118-3125,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY112700);中欧中小企业节能减排科研合作项目(SQ2013ZOA100003)

摘　　要：在南京富贵山隧道开展机动车排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)对环境及人群健康的影响研究,对VOCs浓度水平与变化特征、组成与化学反应活性进行了分析,并通过美国环境保护局(US EPA)的健康风险评价模型对VOCs的健康风险进行了评价.结果表明,隧道进口与出口空气中共检测出93种物质,隧道进口处样品的总VOCs浓度(87.28±7.08)μg/m^3;隧道出口处总VOCs浓度(225.63±59.19)μg/m^3.隧道出口检测到的烷烃和芳香烃这两类物质浓度比进口浓度高.隧道进口与出口处的VOCs总臭氧生成潜势为101.48μg O_3/m^3和402.01μg O_3/m^3.健康风险评价结果表明,隧道进口处14种主要VOCs的非致癌风险危害商值(HQ)在8.07×10^(-5)~2.66×10^(-1)之间,而在隧道出口处的HQ范围为3.18×10^(-4)~2.92×10^(-1).隧道进口与出口处的VOCs的非致癌风险危险指数(HI)均小于1,非致癌风险值在安全范围之内.但1,3-丁二烯、氯仿、四氯化碳、苯和1,1,2-三氯乙烷的致癌风险较大,对人体健康具有明显的影响.In order to study volatile organic compounds（VOCs） from vehicle emissions impact on the environment and people health, a tunnel test was conducted the Fu Gui Mountain tunnel in Nanjing, China. The ambient level and composition characteristics, temporal variation characteristics, and chemical reactivity of VOCs were studied. The health risk of VOCs in the tunnel in the study area was assessed by using the international recognized health risk assessment method（US EPA）. A total of 97 VOC species were quantified in the samples collected at the entrance and exit of tunnel. The total concentrations of VOCs at the entrance and the exit were（87.28±7.08）μg/m-3 and（225.63±59.19）μg/m-3, respectively. The alkanes and aromatics concentration were the most abundant VOCs in the exit. The ozone formation potentials at the entrance and exit of tunnel were 101.48μg O_3/m-3 and 402.01μg O_3/m-3. Health Risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient（HQ） of 14 major VOCs were between 8.07×10-（-5） - 2.66×10-（-1） in the entrance, but the HQ in the exit was in the range of 3.18×10-（-4） - 2.92×10-（-1）. The non-carcinogenic hazard risk index（HI） at the tunnel entrance and exit were both less than 1, which were non-carcinogenic to human body. However, 5VOCs are carcinogenic to human body, such as 1,3-butadiene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and 1,1,2-trichloroethane which have a significant impact on human health.

关 键 词：隧道测试 机动车排放 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 健康风险 臭氧生成潜势 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]