5种水生植物的脱氮除磷效果及其对水体胞外酶活的影响  

Efficiency of removing nitrogen and phosphorous and effects on extracellular enzyme activity in water body by five hydrophytes

作　　者：汪文强[1,2] 王子芳[1,2] 高明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]重庆市三峡库区农业面源污染控制研究中心,重庆400716

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2016年第10期5440-5446,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B18)

摘　　要：利用静态小区实验研究了菱角(Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb.)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes.)、水鳖(Hydrocharis dubia(Bl.)Backer)、空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk)和青萍(Lemna minor L.)5种不同植物对富营养水体的净化效果及对水体胞外酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,5种植物对水体总氮(TN)的去除率依次为凤眼莲(81.6%)>空心菜(72.2%)>水鳖(68.4%)>菱角(65.8%)>青萍(60.2%),对总磷(TP)的去除率为凤眼莲(95.0%)>空心菜(89.7%)>水鳖(78.4%)>菱角(77.3%)>青萍(70.5%);5种植物的种植均能大幅提高水体胞外酶活性,其中凤眼莲处理的效果最好,其脲酶活性(UA)峰值和极差值分别为19.70和10.33μg·m L^(-1),碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)峰值和极差值分别为8.12和5.95μg·m L^(-1),空心菜处理次之;各处理水体脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性分别与水体氨态氮(NH^+_4-N)和溶解性活性磷(SRP)浓度均存在显著的负相关关系,其相关系数r分别在-0.853^-0.992和-0.813^-0.994之间。综合可知,凤眼莲和空心菜较菱角、水鳖和青萍修复能力更强,可更好的修复富营养水体。To investigate the role of hydrophytes in the purification of eutrophic water bodies,Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb.,Eichhornia crassipes,Hydrocharis dubia（ Bl.） Backer,Ipomoea aquatica Forsk,and Lemna minor L. were planted in treated water to compare their effects on purification and their influence on extracellular enzyme activity. The results showed that all hydrophytes performed well during the purification process. For total nitrogen（ TN）,the order of removal efficiency was Eichhornia crassipes（ 81. 6%） 〉 Ipomoea aquatica Forsk（ 72. 2%） 〉 Hydrocharis dubia（ Bl.） Backer（ 68. 4%） 〉 Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb.（ 65. 8%） 〉 Lemna minor L.（ 60. 2%）,and for total phosphorous（ TP） removal,the order was Eichhornia crassipes（ 95. 0%） 〉 Ipomoea aquatica Forsk（ 89. 7%） 〉 Hydrocharis dubia（ Bl.） Backer（ 78. 4%） 〉 Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb.（ 77. 3%）〉 Lemna minor L.（ 70. 5%）. All five hydrophytes could enhance the activity of extracellular enzymes,and the treatment involving E. crassipes showed the maximum range and peak urease activity（ UA） and alkaline phosphatase activity（ APA）. The range and peak UA were 19. 70 μg·m L-1and 10. 33 μg·m L-1,respectively,and for APA,they were 8. 12 μg·m L-1and 5. 95 μg·m L-1. The range and peak UA and APA for Ipomoea aquatica Forsk were the next highest. UA and APA were significantly negatively correlated with the concentrations of both NH4-N and dissolved active phosphorus（ SRP）,and the correlations were between- 0. 853 and- 0. 992 and- 0. 813 and- 0. 994,respectively. Eichhornia crassipes and Ipomoea aquatica Forsk may work better than Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb,Hydrocharis dubia（ Bl.） Backer and Lemna minor L.,and have potential for application in the purification of eutrophic water bodies.

关 键 词：水生植物 脱氮除磷 胞外酶 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]