3种纳米材料对低分子质量有机酸淋洗铅、锌和镉效率的影响  

Effect of Pb,Zn and Cd removal efficiencies from contaminated soil by low molecular weight organic acid and three kinds of nanomaterials

作　　者：王怡君[1,2] 张世熔[1] 肖罗怡 王贵胤[1] 邓欧平[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学环境学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2016年第10期6001-6008,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划(2014NZ0044)

摘　　要：新型高效淋洗剂的筛选是土壤重金属淋洗修复技术的基础之一。通过振荡淋洗法研究了纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)、碳纳米管(C)和纳米二氧化硅(SiO_2)与柠檬酸和酒石酸组合改性后对2种铅锌矿区土壤的淋洗效率。结果表明,单一柠檬酸对土壤Pb、Zn和Cd去除率最高为71.28%、61.09%、57.40%,而单一纳米材料对3种重金属去除率均小于2%;2种有机酸与纳米材料改性后的重金属淋洗率与单独淋洗差异显著(P<0.05)。其中随纳米TiO_2浓度升高,2种有机酸对2种土壤中Pb的去除率显著降低(P<0.05),而对Zn和Cd的去除率呈先增加后减少;C纳米管和纳米SiO_2能够明显提升2种有机酸对土壤Pb、Zn和Cd的去除率(P<0.05),且当C纳米管和纳米SiO_2分别在0.04 mol·L^(-1)和0.10 mol·L^(-1)时提高柠檬酸对3种金属的去除率达13.1%~25.1%和13.5%~26.8%。Screening of new efficient leaching agents is a key process of soil heavy-metal-washing technology. Studies on citric acid and tartaric acid,and their mixed solutions with three nanomaterials,respectively,were conducted to investigate the Pb,Zn,and Cd removal efficiencies from two contaminated soil samples under different concentrations. The removal efficiencies of Pb,Zn,and Cd from the contaminated soil samples by citric acid reached 71. 28%,61. 09%,and 57. 40%. However,their removal efficiencies by titanium dioxide,carbon nanotube,or silicon oxide nanomaterials were less than 2%. The differences between the removal efficiencies for the citric acid or tartaric acid and their mixed solutions with each nanomaterial varied significantly（ P 〈 0. 05）.When the concentrations of titanium dioxide were increased,the soil Pb removal rates by the mixtures decreased significantly（ P 〈 0. 05）,and soil Zn and Cd removal efficiencies increased initially and then decreased. The other two nanomaterials could significantly promote the washing efficiencies of the two organic acids in the removal of soil Pb,Zn,and Cd by 13. 1% to 25. 1% and 13. 5% to 26. 8% at the concentrations of 0. 04 mol·L-1for carbon nanotubes and 0. 10 mol·L-1for silicon oxide,respectively.

关 键 词：土壤淋洗 纳米材料 低分子质量有机酸 铅 锌 镉 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]