扬辐麦4号小麦不同产量群体氮素吸收利用特性  

Nitrogen accumulation and utilization characteristics of wheat cultivar Yangfumai 4 at different population yield levels

作　　者：李春燕 于倩倩[1,2] 贾晴晴[1,3] 张玉雪 朱新开 封超年 郭文善 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省泰州市姜堰区农业委员会,江苏泰州225529 [3]上海市松江区农业委员会,上海201611

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年第5期1196-1203,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：扬州市自然科学基金青年科技人才项目(YZ2014035);江苏省自主创新专项[CX(15)1002];江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2015340);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目;扬州大学"高端人才支持计划"项目资助

摘　　要：【目的】分析扬辐麦4号小麦不同产量群体氮素吸收利用特性,为高产群体氮肥调控提供技术依据。【方法】2008~2010年,在稻麦两熟条件下,采用二因素裂区设计,以施氮量为主区,设N 187.5、225和262.5kg/hm^2 3水平,以氮肥运筹比例为裂区,设基肥:壮蘖肥:拔节肥:孕穗肥为7:1:2:0、5:1:2:2和3:1:3:3三个水平。分析了不同产量群体阶段氮素积累量、花后氮素输出量与氮肥利用率。【结果】扬辐麦4号小麦高产群体(产量≥7500 kg/hm^2)与中高产群体(7000~7500 kg/hm2)和中低产群体(产量≤7000 kg/hm^2)相比,出苗至越冬期、越冬期至拔节期和拔节期至开花期氮素积累量适宜,开花期至成熟期氮素积累量高;高产群体100 kg籽粒吸氮量2.87~3.01 kg、氮收获指数0.71~0.80、氮肥吸收利用率为44%~47%;其氮肥农学效率(17.69~17.96 kg/kg)和偏生产力(34.70~36.07 kg/kg)较高。【结论】扬辐麦4号采用基本苗150×104/hm^2,施氮量225 kg/hm2条件下,采用基肥:壮蘖肥:拔节肥:孕穗肥分配比例为5:1:2:2、3:1:3:3的氮肥运筹方式,可获得最高的花后氮积累量、氮肥利用率以及氮收获指数,较高的氮肥农学效率和氮素利用效率,实现高产高效。【Objectives】Nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat Yangfumai 4 at different yield levels was studied for acquiring more than 7500 kg/hm^2 yield level included. 【Methods】From2008–2010, field experiments were conducted using three levels of yield population,high yield level population（≥ 7500 kg/hm^2）, medium to high yield level population（7000 –7500 kg/hm^2） and low to medium yield level population（≤ 7000 kg/hm^2）. The split-plot design three application rates of nitrogen（187.5, 225 and262.5 kg/hm^2）, and three nitrogen allocation ratios of basis： tillering： elongation： booting（7 ： 1 ： 2 ： 0, 5 ： 1 ： 2 ： 2and 3 ： 1 ： 3 ： 3） in the rice-wheat rotation system. The nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen translocation after anthesis different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiencies were analyzed. 【Results】 Compared to the midium high and midium low populations, the N accumulation amounts（NAA） of the high yield population from sprouting to wintering, from wintering to elongation and from elongation to anthesis were suitable, and the NAA from anthesis to maturity was higher; The N uptake to produce 100 kg grain, N harvest index,agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and partial factor productivity of the high yield population were2.87–3.01 kg, 0.71–0.80, 17.69–17.96 kg/kg, 44%–47% and 34.70–36.07 kg/kg, respectively【Conclusions】For the cultivar Yangfumai 4 under planting density of 150 × 10~4/hm^2, nitrogen amount of 225kg/hm^2, and nitrogen allocation ratios of 5 ： 1 ： 2 ： 2 and 3 ： 1 ： 3 ： 3 will achieve yields higher than 7500 kg/hm^2 The NAA after anthesis, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index will be the highest and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency will be high.

关 键 词：稻茬小麦 高产群体 氮素吸收 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S506