进口含锌物料的固体废物鉴别方法  

Solid waste identification methods for imported zinc-containing materials

作　　者：郝雅琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《冶金分析》2016年第10期34-39,共6页Metallurgical Analysis

基　　金：国家环境保护标准制修订项目(No.2012-1)

摘　　要：基于已完成的进口含锌物料固体废物鉴别实践,系统地介绍了所遇到的进口含锌物料的申报品名、每种品名所占的比例、种类以及每种种类的特征、固体废物鉴别的关键方法和每种鉴别结果所占的比例,其中申报品名中锌精矿或锌矿砂所占比例为55.2%,而鉴别结果中锌精矿仅占3.4%。重点介绍了锌精矿、副产品氧化锌、电弧炼钢烟尘、冶炼渣、固体废物简单处理产物等含锌物料的鉴别方法:首先进行外观观察和必要的试验分析,包括肉眼观察物料的外观特征,利用烘箱测量含水率、X射线荧光光谱仪分析主要成分和含量、滴定法确认锌元素及典型重金属元素的准确含量,另外,利用X射线衍射仪及矿相显微镜确定物料的物相组成,对于粉末物料,还需利用激光粒度仪分析其粒度分布;其次,根据物料的外观特征和试验结果,通过资料对比、实地调研、专家咨询的方法,判断出物料的产生来源;最后,根据《固体废物鉴别导则》(试行)得出物料的固体废物鉴别结论。所进行的研究为进口含锌物料的固体废物鉴别和监管提供参考,对将含锌冶炼渣、含锌烟尘、含锌固体废物简单处理产物等固体废物堵在国门之外具有重要意义。Based on solid waste identification cases for imported zinc-containing materials,it systematically introduced the declaration names,types and proportion of these import zinc-containing materials.The characteristics of different type of zinc-containing materials as well as the critical methods for identifying their solid waste properties were discussed.Results showed that the main declaration name was zinc concentrates or zinc ore,which accounted for 55.2% of total imported zinc-containing materials.The identification results showed that only 3.4% of import zinc-containing material was zinc concentrates.The identification method of the product of the zinc concentrate,the by-product of zinc oxide,the electric arc furnace dust,smelting slag and the simple treatment product of solid waste was introduced.Firstly,the appearance observation and the necessary test analysis were carried out.The appearance was observed by naked eye.The water content was measured by oven.The main composition and content was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.The accurate concentration of zinc and the typical heavy metal elements was confirmed by titration.In addition,the composition was determined by X-ray diffraction and mineral phase microscopy.The particle size distribution of the powder material was analyzed by laser particle size analyzer.Secondly,according to the appearance characteristics and the test results,the source of the material was determined through the data comparison,field research and expert consultation method.Finally,the solid waste identification conclusion was drawn according to the guidelines for the identification of solid waste（Trial）.It would provide technical references for supervising and identifying the solid waste property of imported zinc-containing materials,which had great significance for preventing the import of zinc-containing solid waste of zinc-containing smelting slag,zinc-containing smelting fume,and simple treatment products.

关 键 词：含锌物料 固体废物 鉴别方法 锌精矿 副产品氧化锌 电弧炼钢烟尘 冶炼渣 固体废物简单处理产物 

分 类 号：X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程]