全球豇豆资源农艺性状多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity of Agronomic Traits in Global Cowpea Resource

作　　者：熊海铮[1,2] 施爱农[2] 孙健[1] 张宁[1] 吴殿星[1] 舒小丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学原子核农业科学研究所,杭州310029 [2]阿肯色大学园艺系,阿肯色州费耶特维尔72703

出　　处：《科技通报》2016年第10期49-58,62,共11页Bulletin of Science and Technology

摘　　要：参照美国农业部标准对来自全球58个国家或地区的768份豇豆资源的17个农艺性状进行了遗传多态性分析。结果显示:整个群体中以白色豆荚和白色、棕眼、光滑、半圆籽粒为主;株叶形态以直立、半蔓生株型及半戟型叶片为主。方差分析显示除粒型、结荚位置、株型及结荚习性在各群体间没有显著差异外,其余性状在各地理群体间显示出一定程度的差异。聚类分析可以在一定程度上区别各地理群,但各地区间(分类界限)不明显。在各群体中,商业栽培品种与其他各地区品种表型区别明显,结荚数和百粒重在各群体中最高,同时变异系数和遗传多样性最低;非洲和亚洲地区资源遗传多样性最高且遗传关系较近;而北美与拉丁美洲地区间群体表型无明显差异,二者与中亚及南亚次大陆地区群体关系更近。因些,推断栽培豇豆由非洲地区起源后,进入亚洲经历了第二次驯化,而后通过殖民扩张进入美洲地区。Seventeen agronomic traits of 768 cowpea resources which were collected from 58 countries or regions were analyzed with USDA standard method. Phenotypic polymorphism analysis shown that among all traits, the major accessions have white pod, semi-round smooth white seed with black eye seed-type and erect semi-prostrate plant-type with semi-hastate leaf. Variance analysis showed that there were no significant differences in grain shape, pod-position, pod placement and plant type among each geographic group. The variances of remaining traits were different in certain extent among each geographic group. Clustering analysis showed the geographical groups have certain difference with no significant. Among each group, commercial cultivars were obviously different from those in other groups with the highest pod number and the seed weight, the lowest coefficient of variation(CV) and genetic diversity. Accessions from Africa and Asia have the highest genetic diversity with close genetic relationship. Within North America and Latin America groups, the phenotypes were similar and have closer relations with South and Central Asian compare with other out-continent groups. Therefore it can be inferred that cowpea may originate from Africa and undergo second domestication in Asia, then move into the American colonies by colonial expansion.

关 键 词：豇豆 农艺性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S324[农业科学—作物遗传育种]