扭摆法测转动惯量实验装置的研究  

The Experiment Research of Torsional Pendulum Method for Measuring Rotational Inertia

作　　者：刘宇清[1] 李传涛[1] 黄宁[1] 石蓬业 郑志远[1] 董爱国[1] LIU Yu-qing LI Chuan-tao HUANG Ning SHI Peng-ye ZHENG Zhi-yuan DONG Ai-jun(China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2016年第5期89-92,共4页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：中国地质大学(北京)实验室开放基金项目(2015BXZ032)

摘　　要：传统的扭摆法测转动惯量多使用单线摆、三线摆等,针对传统的扭摆法测转动惯量装置的一些缺陷,比如由于产生摆动、计时方法不科学使计时结果不准确、装置不能保持在水平面上转动等造成的测量误差较大的问题,研究制造了一种新的实验装置。这套装置用涡卷弹簧提供扭摆的动力,用光电对管配合单片机进行精确计时,并且采用了变面接触为线接触等多种减小摩擦的设计来提高测量精度,使误差大大减小了。整套装置具有测量结果精确、操作简单、体积小、能测量不规则的及难以直立的物体的转动惯量、能很好地验证平行轴定理等优点。The traditional way to measure the rotational inertia use single-wire torsional pendulum method, three-wire pendulum torsional pendulum method, etc.. The traditional device has some defects, such as swinging,that timing method is not scientific,and that the device cannot keep in the horizontal plane.These problems cause the result that timing period is not accurate.In order to solve these problems,we created a new experiment device.The device with the vortex spring which can provide power for it,use photoelectric geminate transistors connected with a single chip microcomputer for precise timing.The part which will produce force of friction that is the main source of problem is designed to be surface contact and line contact to decrease the in-fluence of force of friction.Using these designs,the error is greatly reduced.The whole device has a lot of advan- tages,which are the precision measured result,simple operation for measurement,small volume,being able to measure the rotational inertia of the object which is irregular and difficult to upright and be able to verify the parallel axis theorem.

关 键 词：转动惯量 光电对管 单片机 平行轴定理 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]